Use of expanded graphite in lithium/sulphur batteries

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9577243-B2
Application number	US-201113700696-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	May 26, 2011
Priority date	May 28, 2010
Publication date	Feb 21, 2017
Grant date	Feb 21, 2017

Abstract

The present invention relates to a solid composite for use in the cathode of a lithium-sulphur electric current producing cell wherein the solid composite comprises 1 to 75 wt.-% of expanded graphite, 25 to 99 wt.-% of sulphur, 0 to 50 wt.-% of one or more further conductive agents other than expanded graphite, and 0 to 50 wt.-% one or more binder, based on the total amount of the solid composite, a lithium-sulphur electric current producing cell comprising (i) a cathode comprising the solid composite, (ii) an anode and (iii) an electrolyte interposed between said cathode and said anode, and a process for preparing the solid composite comprising the steps (I) preparing a slurry comprising sulphur, expanded graphite, and optionally further components in a liquid medium by dispersing the sulphur, the expanded graphite, and optionally the further components in the liquid medium; (II) casting the slurry provided in step (I) on a substrate or placing the slurry provided in step (I) into a mold; and (III) removing some or all of the liquid medium from the slurry cast in step (II) to form a solid composite.

First claim

The invention claimed is:

1. A solid composite for use in a cathode of a lithium-sulphur electric current producing cell wherein the solid composite comprises
1 to 75 wt.-% of expanded graphite,
25 to 99 wt.-% of sulphur,
1 to 50 wt.-% of one or more further conductive agents other than expanded graphite, and
0 to 50 wt.-% one or more binder,
based on the total amount of the solid composite.

2. The solid composite according to claim 1 wherein the solid composite comprises
5 to 45 wt.-% of expanded graphite,
55 to 95 wt.-% of sulphur,
1 to 50 wt.-% of one or more further conductive agents other than expanded graphite, and
0 to 25 wt.-% one or more binder,
based on the total amount of the solid composite.

3. The solid composite according to claim 1 wherein the distance between expanded layers of the expanded graphite has an average value of 1 to 5 micrometer.

4. The solid composite according to claim 1 comprising 5 to 25 wt.-% of the one or more further conductive agents other than expanded graphite based on the total amount of the solid composite.

5. The solid composite according to claim 4 wherein the one or more further conductive agents are selected from the group consisting of carbon black, graphite, graphene, carbon fibres, carbon nanotubes, activated carbon, carbon prepared by heat-treating cork or pitch, metal flakes, a metal powder, a metal compound, and mixtures thereof.

6. The solid composite according to claim 1 wherein the solid composite further comprises one or more binder.

7. The solid composite according to claim 6 wherein the one or more binder is selected from the group consisting of polyvinylacetate, polyvinylalcohol, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, alkylated polyethylene oxide, cross linked polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl ether, poly(methyl methacrylate), polyvinylidene fluoride, a copolymer of polyhexafluoropropylene and polyvinylidene fluoride, poly(ethyl acrylate), polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylpyridine, polystyrene, polypyrrole, polythiophene, derivatives thereof, blends thereof, and copolymers thereof.

8. The solid composite according to claim 1 wherein the solid composite further comprises one or more electrolytes.

9. A lithium-sulphur electric current producing cell comprising
(i) a cathode comprising the solid composite according to claim 1 ,
(ii) an anode,
(iii) an electrolyte interposed between said cathode and said anode.

10. The lithium-sulphur electric current producing cell according to claim 9 wherein the anode comprises one or more anode active materials selected from the group consisting of lithium metal; lithium containing alloys; lithium-intercalated carbons; and lithium-intercalated graphite.

11. The lithium-sulphur electric current producing cell according to claim 9 wherein the electrolyte comprises one or more materials selected from the group consisting of liquid electrolytes, gel polymer electrolytes, and solid polymer electrolytes.

12. The lithium-sulphur electric current producing cell according to claim 9 wherein the electrolyte comprises
(a) one or more ionic electrolyte salts; and
(b) one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of polyethers, polyethylene oxides, polypropylene oxides, polyimides, polyphophazenes, polyacrylonitriles, polysiloxanes; derivatives thereof, blends thereof, and copolymers thereof; and/or
(c) one or more electrolyte solvents selected from the group consisting of N-methyl acetamide, acetonitrile, carbonates, sulfolanes, sulfones, N-substituted pyrrolidones, acyclic ethers, cyclic ethers, xylene, polyether including glymes, and siloxanes.

13. The lithium-sulphur electric current producing cell according to claim 9 wherein the cathode further comprises a current collector.

14. The lithium-sulphur electric current producing cell according to claim 9 wherein the cell further comprises a separator between the anode and the cathode.

15. The lithium-sulphur electric current producing cell according to claim 10 wherein the lithium containing alloy comprises at least one of a lithium-aluminum alloy, a lithium-tin alloy, a lithium magnesium alloy, and a lithium silver alloy.

Assignees

• Schmidt Ruediger
• Panchenko Alexander
• Ewald Bastian
• Hanefeld Philip
• Ivanovici Sorin
• Moehwald Helmut
• Kovalev Igor P
• Sion Power Corp

Inventors

• Schmidt Ruediger
• Panchenko Alexander
• Ewald Bastian
• Hanefeld Philip
• Ivanovici Sorin
• Moehwald Helmut
• Kovalev Igor P

Classifications

• H01M4/133 Primary

  Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx · CPC title

• H01M4/625

  Carbon or graphite · CPC title

• H01M10/052

  Li-accumulators · CPC title

• H01M4/1397

  of electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy · CPC title

• H01M4/621

  Binders · CPC title