Lipon coatings for high voltage and high temperature Li-ion battery cathodes

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9570748-B2
Application number	US-201213651043-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Oct 12, 2012
Priority date	Oct 12, 2012
Publication date	Feb 14, 2017
Grant date	Feb 14, 2017

Abstract

A lithium ion battery includes an anode and a cathode. The cathode includes a lithium, manganese, nickel, and oxygen containing compound. An electrolyte is disposed between the anode and the cathode. A protective layer is deposited between the cathode and the electrolyte. The protective layer includes pure lithium phosphorus oxynitride and variations that include metal dopants such as Fe, Ti, Ni, V, Cr, Cu, and Co. A method for making a cathode and a method for operating a battery are also disclosed.

First claim

We claim:

1. A high voltage lithium ion battery comprising;
an anode;
a cathode, the cathode comprising a lithium, manganese, nickel, and oxygen containing compound, wherein the lithium, manganese, nickel, and oxygen containing compound is provided as particles;
an electrolyte disposed between the anode and the cathode; and,
an ionic conducting protective layer deposited between the cathode and the electrolyte, the protective layer comprising lithium phosphorus oxynitride, and the protective layer is provided as a uniform coating from 0.5 to 10 nm on all sides of the of the particles prior to the electrode preparation, the coated particles being unannealed;
the battery having capacity retention at 60° C.

2. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte is free of lithium phosphorus oxynitride.

3. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the cathode comprises Li[Ni x Mn 2−x ]O 4 , where x is 0.5±0.1.

4. The lithium ion battery of claim 3 , wherein the cathode compound comprises LiMn 1.5 Ni 0.5 O 4 .

5. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the cathode compound comprises xLi 2 MnO 3 .(1−x)LiMO 2 , where M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Mn, Co, and Ni, and x can range from 0.2-0.7.

6. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the cathode comprises a lithium, manganese, oxygen, nickel and cobalt containing compound.

7. The lithium ion battery of claim 6 , wherein the lithium, manganese, oxygen, nickel and cobalt containing compound comprises Li 1+w [Mn x Ni y Co 2 ]O 2 , where w+x+y+z=1.

8. The lithium ion battery of claim 7 , wherein the lithium, manganese, oxygen, nickel and cobalt containing compound cathode compound comprises Li 1.2 Mn 0.525 Ni 0.175 Co 0.1 O 2 .

9. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the cathode comprises Li 1+x Mn 2−y O 4 , where x and y are independently 0 to 0.2 and Li 1+w [Mn x Ni y Co z ]O 2 , where w+x+y+z=1.

10. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the lithium phosphorus oxynitride protective layer is vapor deposited on the lithium, manganese, nickel, and oxygen containing compound.

11. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the particles have a diameter of between 10 nm and 50 μm.

12. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 , further the protective layer comprises at least one dopant which enhances electronic transport in the protective layer.

13. The lithium ion battery of claim 12 , wherein the dopant is at least one selected from the group consisting of transition metal elements.

14. The lithium ion battery of claim 13 , wherein the transition metal element is at least one selected from the group consisting of Ti, Fe, Ni, V, Cr, Cu, and Co.

15. The lithium ion battery of claim 12 , wherein the dopant is provided at a concentration of between 1% to 100% of the P mole content.

16. The lithium ion battery of claim 12 , wherein the dopant is provided at a concentration of 25% to 50% of the P mole content.

17. A lithium ion battery comprising;
an anode;
a cathode comprising a cathode material, wherein the cathode material is provided as particles;
an electrolyte disposed between the anode and the cathode; and,
an ionic conducting protective layer disposed between the cathode and the electrolyte, the protective layer comprising lithium phosphorus oxynitride and at least rye electronic transport enhancing dopant, and the protective layer is provided as a uniform coating of from 0.5 nm to 10 nm on all sides of the particles prior to the electrode preparation, the coated particles being unannealed; and,
the battery having capacity retention at 60° C.

18. The lithium ion battery of claim 17 , wherein the dopant is at least one selected from the group consisting of transition metal elements.

19. The lithium ion battery of claim 18 , wherein the transition metal elements is at least one selected from the group consisting of Ti, Fe, Ni, V, Cr, Cu, and Co.

20. The lithium ion battery of claim 17 , wherein the dopant is provided at a concentration of between 1% to 100% of the P mole content.

21. The lithium ion battery of claim 17 , wherein the dopant is provided at a concentration of between 25% to 50% of the P mole content.

22. The lithium ion battery of claim 17 , wherein the cathode comprises a lithium, manganese, nickel and oxygen containing compound.

Assignees

• Ut Battelle Llc

Inventors

• Dudney Nancy J
• Liang Chengdu
• Nanda Jagjit
• Veith Gabriel M
• Kim Yoongu
• Martha Surendra Kumar

Classifications

• H01M4/1391

  of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx · CPC title

• H01M10/4235

  Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte (H01M10/4242 takes precedence) · CPC title

• H01M10/0525

  Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries · CPC title

• Y10T29/49115

  including coating or impregnating · CPC title

• H01M4/525

  of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy · CPC title