Hybrid silicon and carbon clathrates

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9564633-B2
Application number	US-201313924949-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Jun 24, 2013
Priority date	Jun 24, 2013
Publication date	Feb 7, 2017
Grant date	Feb 7, 2017

Abstract

A composition comprising a Type 1 clathrate of silicon having a Si 46 framework cage structure wherein the silicon atoms on said framework are at least partially substituted by carbon atoms, said composition represented by the formula C y Si 46-y with 1≦y≦45. The composition of may include one or more guest atoms A within the cage structure represented by the formula A x C y Si 46-y wherein A=H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, Be, Mg, Ca. Sr, Ba, Ra, Eu, Cl, Br, or I or any metal or metalloid element and x is the number of said guest atoms within said cage structure.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. An electrode for a battery wherein said electrode comprises a type 1 clathrate of silicon at a particle size of 0.1 μm to 100.0 μm having a Si 46 framework cage structure wherein the silicon atoms on said framework are at least partially substituted by carbon atoms, said composition represented by the formula C y Si 46-y with 1≦y≦45, wherein said electrode comprises a metal substrate and said type 1 clathrate particles are present on the surface of said metal substrate, further including one or more guest atoms A within said cage structure, represented by the formula A x C y Si 46-y wherein A=H, Li, K, Na, Rb, Cs, Fr, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Eu, Cl, Br, or I or any metal or metalloid element and x is the number of said guest atoms within said cage structure and wherein x is greater than zero and has a value such that the cage structure due to the presence of said guest atom undergoes a volume expansion of 0.1% to 50.0% and said volume expansion does not lead to irreversible structural damage to said framework cage structure characterized by a volume contraction in the range of 0.1% to 50.0% upon removal of said guest atom.

2. The electrode of claim 1 wherein y has a value of 4-40.

3. The electrode of claim 1 wherein said electrode comprises an anode electrode in a Li battery.

4. The electrode of claim 1 wherein said electrode comprises a cathode electrode in a Li battery.

5. The electrode of claim 1 wherein x is less than or equal to 8.

6. The electrode of claim 1 where A is Li.

7. The electrode of claim 1 wherein said type 1 clathrate comprises Ba x C 6 Si 40 .

8. The electrode of claim 1 wherein said type 1 clathrate comprises Ba x C 16 Si 30 .

9. The electrode of claim 1 wherein said type 1 clathrate comprises Ba x C 20 Si 26 .

10. The electrode of claim 1 wherein said type 1 clathrate comprises Ba x C 23 Si 23 .

11. The electrode of claim 1 wherein said type 1 clathrate comprises Li x C 6 Si 40 .

12. The electrode of claim 1 wherein said type 1 clathrate comprises Li x C 16 Si 40 .

13. The electrode of claim 1 wherein said type 1 clathrate comprises Li x C 20 Si 26 .

14. The electrode of claim 1 wherein said type 1 clathrate comprises Li x C 23 Si 23 .

15. The electrode of claim 1 wherein said type 1 clathrate comprises Ba 8 C 6 Si 40 .

16. The electrode of claim 1 wherein said type 1 clathrate comprises Ba 8 C 20 Si 26 .

17. The electrode of claim 1 wherein said type 1 clathrate comprises Ba 8 C 23 Si 23 .

Assignees

• Southwest Res Inst

Inventors

• Chan Kwai S
• Miller Michael A

Classifications

• H01M4/362

  Composites · CPC title

• H01M4/386 Primary

  Silicon or alloys based on silicon · CPC title

• H01M4/134

  Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys · CPC title

• Y02E60/10

  Energy storage using batteries · CPC title