Diatomaceous energy storage devices

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9548511-B2
Application number	US-201514745709-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Jun 22, 2015
Priority date	Jul 18, 2012
Publication date	Jan 17, 2017
Grant date	Jan 17, 2017

Abstract

An energy storage device can include a cathode having a first plurality of frustules, where the first plurality of frustules can include nanostructures having an oxide of manganese. The energy storage device can include an anode comprising a second plurality of frustules, where the second plurality of frustules can include nanostructures having zinc oxide. A frustule can have a plurality of nanostructures on at least one surface, where the plurality of nanostructures can include an oxide of manganese. A frustule can have a plurality of nanostructures on at least one surface, where the plurality of nanostructures can include zinc oxide. An electrode for an energy storage device includes a plurality of frustules, where each of the plurality of frustules can have a plurality of nanostructures formed on at least one surface.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. An energy storage device comprising:
a cathode comprising a first plurality of frustules, the first plurality of frustules comprises nanostructures comprising an oxide of manganese; and
an anode comprising a second plurality of frustules, the second plurality of frustules comprises nanostructures comprising zinc oxide.

2. The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the oxide of manganese comprises MnO.

3. The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the oxide of manganese comprises at least one of Mn 3 O 4 , Mn 2 O 3 , and MnOOH.

4. The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first plurality of frustules comprises a ratio of a mass of the oxide of manganese to a mass of the at least one frustule of 1:20 to 20:1.

5. The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the second plurality of frustules comprises a ratio of a mass of the zinc oxide to a mass of the at least one frustule of 1:20 to 20:1.

6. The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the anode further comprises an electrolyte salt.

7. The energy storage device of claim 6 , wherein the electrolyte salt comprises a zinc salt.

8. The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the cathode and the anode further comprises carbon nanotubes.

9. The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the cathode and the anode further comprises a conductive filler.

10. The energy storage device of claim 9 , wherein the conductive filler comprises graphite.

11. The energy storage device of claim 1 , further comprising a separator between the cathode and the anode, wherein the separator comprises a third plurality of frustules.

12. The energy storage device of claim 11 , wherein the third plurality of frustules comprises substantially no surface modifications.

13. The energy storage device of claim 11 , wherein at least one of the cathode, the anode, and the separator comprises an ionic liquid.

14. The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the device is a rechargeable battery.

15. The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the first plurality of frustules comprises a first plurality of pores substantially not occluded by the nanostructures comprising the oxide of manganese, and wherein the second plurality of frustules comprises a second plurality of pores substantially not occluded by the nanostructures comprising the zinc oxide.

16. A frustule comprising a plurality of nanostructures on at least one surface, wherein the plurality of nanostructures comprises zinc oxide, wherein a ratio of a mass of the plurality of nanostructures to a mass of the frustule is 1:1 to 20:1.

17. The frustule of claim 16 , wherein the plurality of nanostructures comprises at least one of nanowires, nanoplates, dense nanoparticles, nanobelts, and nanodisks.

18. The frustule of claim 16 , wherein the frustule comprises a plurality of pores substantially not occluded by the plurality of nanostructures.

19. A frustule comprising a plurality of nanostructures on at least one surface, wherein the plurality of nanostructures comprises an oxide of manganese, wherein a ratio of a mass of the plurality of nanostructures to a mass of the frustule is 1:1 to 20:1.

20. The frustule of claim 19 , wherein the oxide of manganese comprises MnO.

21. The frustule of claim 19 , wherein the oxide of manganese comprises Mn 3 O 4 .

22. The frustule of claim 19 , wherein the oxide of manganese comprises at least one of Mn 2 O 3 and MnOOH.

23. The frustule of claim 19 , wherein the plurality of nanostructures comprises at least one of nanowires, nanoplates, dense nanoparticles, nanobelts, and nanodisks.

24. The frustule of claim 19 , wherein the frustule comprises a plurality of pores substantially not occluded by the plurality of nanostructures.

25. An electrode of an energy storage device, the electrode comprising:
a plurality of frustules, wherein each of the plurality of frustules comprises a plurality of nanostructures formed on at least one surface, wherein at least one of the plurality of frustules comprises a ratio of a mass of the plurality of nanostructures to a mass of the at least one frustule of 1:20 to 20:1.

26. The electrode of claim 25 , wherein the electrode is an anode of the energy storage device.

27. The electrode of claim 26 , wherein the anode further comprises an electrolyte salt.

28. The electrode of claim 27 , wherein the electrolyte salt comprises a zinc salt.

29. The electrode claim 26 , wherein the plurality of nanostructures comprises zinc oxide.

30. The electrode claim 25 , wherein the plurality of nanostructures comprises at least one of nanowires, nanoplates, dense nanoparticles, nanobelts, and nanodisks.

31. The electrode of claim 25 , wherein the electrode is a cathode of the energy storage device.

32. The electrode of claim 31 , wherein the plurality of nanostructures comprises an oxide of manganese.

33. The electrode of claim 32 , wherein the oxide of manganese comprises MnO.

34. The electrode of claim 32 , wherein the oxide of manganese comprises at least one of Mn 3 O 4 , Mn 2 O 3 and MnOOH.

35. The electrode of claim 25 , further comprising carbon nanotubes.

36. The electrode of claim 25 , further comprising a conductive filler.

37. The electrode of claim 36 , wherein the conductive filler comprises graphite.

38. The electrode of claim 25 , further comprising an ionic liquid.

39. The electrode of claim 25 , wherein each of the plurality of frustules comprises a plurality of pores substantially not occluded by the plurality of nanostructures.

Assignees

• Nthdegree Tech Worldwide Inc

Inventors

• Lockett Vera N
• Gustafson John G
• Ray William J
• Salah Yasser

Classifications

• H01M6/40

  Printed batteries {, e.g. thin film batteries} · CPC title

• H01G11/24 Primary

  characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor · CPC title

• H01G11/36

  Nanostructures, e.g. nanofibres, nanotubes or fullerenes · CPC title

• H01M2/1646

  Electricity · mapped topic

• H01G11/52

  Separators · CPC title