Protective coatings for conversion material cathodes

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9543564-B2
Application number	US-201414272518-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	May 8, 2014
Priority date	Jul 24, 2012
Publication date	Jan 10, 2017
Grant date	Jan 10, 2017

Abstract

Battery systems using coated conversion materials as the active material in battery cathodes are provided herein. Protective coatings may be an oxide, phosphate, or fluoride, and may be lithiated. The coating may selectively isolate the conversion material from the electrolyte. Methods for fabricating batteries and battery systems with coated conversion material are also provided herein.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. An energy storage device comprising
a. an anode,
b. an electrolyte, and
c. a cathode comprising
a plurality of coated electrochemically active material particles, each electrochemically active material particle comprising
a core comprising a conversion material, and
a coating,
wherein the conversion material is selected from ferric fluoride, ferrous fluoride, LiFeF 3 , or Li 3 FeF 6 ;
wherein the coating selectively isolates the conversion material from the electrolyte, and
wherein the capacity of the active material is greater than about 300 mAh/g.

2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the conversion material comprises a sulfide, oxide, halide, phosphide, nitride, chalcogenide, oxysulfide, oxyfluoride, sulfur-fluoride, or sulfur-oxyfluoride.

3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the conversion material comprises lithium and a fluoride of a metal.

4. The device of claim 3 , wherein the metal is iron, manganese, nickel, copper, or cobalt.

5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of electrochemically active material particles further comprise a metal component and a lithium compound component intermixed with the metal component.

6. The device of claim 5 , wherein the metal component is iron, nickel, or copper.

7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the coating comprises an oxide, a phosphate, or a fluoride.

8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the coating is partially lithiated.

9. The device of claim 1 , wherein the coating is selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide (Al x O y ), aluminum phosphate (Al x (PO 4 ) y ), aluminum fluoride (AlF x ), and combinations thereof.

10. The device of claim 1 , wherein the device has a capacity when discharged at 1 C that is at least about 60% of its capacity when discharged at C/3.

11. The device of claim 1 , wherein the coating comprises two or more layers, each layer having a thickness between about 0.5 nm and about 15 nm.

12. The device of claim 1 , wherein the median coating coverage is at least about 90% of the surface area of the particles.

13. An energy storage device comprising
a. an anode,
b. an electrolyte, and
c. a cathode comprising
an ion conductor,
a current collector,
electrochemically active conversion material particles, each electrochemically active material particle comprising a core comprising a conversion material, and
a coating,
wherein the conversion material is selected from ferric fluoride, ferrous fluoride, LiFeF 3 , or Li 3 Fe 6 ;
wherein the coating selectively isolates the electrochemically active material from the electrolyte, and
wherein the capacity of the active conversion material is greater than about 300 mAh/g.

14. The device of claim 13 , wherein the cathode forms a continuous sheet, coextensive with and overlapping the electrolyte.

15. The device of claim 13 , wherein the coating comprises an oxide, a phosphate, or a fluoride.

16. The device of claim 13 , wherein the coating comprises aluminum oxide (Al x O y ), aluminum phosphate (Al x (PO 4 ) y ) and/or aluminum fluoride (AlF x ).

Assignees

• Quantumscape Corp

Inventors

• Fasching Rainer
• Han Joseph
• Shan Jon
• Loveness Ghyrn E
• Tulsky Eric
• Holme Timothy

Classifications

• H01M4/0419

  involving spraying · CPC title

• H01M4/139

  Processes of manufacture · CPC title

• H01M4/1395

  of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys · CPC title

• H01M2004/028

  Positive electrodes · CPC title

• H01M2004/021

  Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area · CPC title