Sorbents for carbon dioxide reduction from indoor air

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9533250-B2
Application number	US-201214117797-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	May 17, 2012
Priority date	Aug 23, 2011
Publication date	Jan 3, 2017
Grant date	Jan 3, 2017

Abstract

A sorbent for CO 2 reduction from indoor air from an enclosed space. In some embodiments, the sorbent comprises a solid support and an amine-based compound being supported by the support. The sorbent captures at least a portion of the CO 2 within the indoor air. The sorbent may be regenerated by streaming outdoor air through the sorbent to release at least a portion of the captured CO 2 . The sorbent is structured to allow indoor air to flow therein with relatively low flow resistance and relatively rapid reaction kinetics. Regeneration may be performed at relatively low outdoor air temperatures, thereby minimizing the thermal energy required for regenerating the sorbent.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A sorbent for reduction of CO 2 from air of an enclosed space, comprising:
a support comprising a plurality of solid particles having an average diameter dimension in the range of 0.1-10 millimeters; and
an amine-based compound, wherein at least 25% of amine functional groups are secondary amines, being supported by the support,
wherein the amine-based compound comprises a polyamine having between 25%-75% of secondary amines,
wherein the support is impregnated with a solution of the amine-based compound, wherein the solution of the amine-based compound comprises water; and
wherein the amine-based compound is configured to capture at least some of the CO 2 within the indoor air of the enclosed space and release at least a portion of the captured CO 2 by streaming outdoor air through the sorbent.

2. A sorbent according to claim 1 , wherein the support comprises clay.

3. A sorbent according to claim 1 , wherein the support is selected from the group consisting of:
gels, molecular sieves, nanotube-containing materials, porous materials, sponge and sponge-like materials, electro-magnetically charged objects, porous organic polymers, ion exchange resins, polymeric absorbent resins, acrylic ester polymers, polystyrene divinyl benzene, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polystyrene, styrene divinylbenzene (SDB), fly ash, activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, alumina nanoparticles, synthetic zeolite, porous alumina, porous minerals, porous silica, silica nanoparticle, fumed silica, activated charcoal, aluminum phyllosilicates, bentonite, montmorillonite, ball clay, fuller's earth, kaolinite, attapulgite, hectorite, palygorskite, saponite, sepiolitemetal, organic frameworks, and one or more combinations thereof.

4. A sorbent according to claim 1 , wherein the support comprises a plurality of particles with an average diameter dimension in the range of 0.2-3 millimeters.

5. A sorbent according to claim 1 , wherein the support comprises a plurality of particles with an average diameter dimension in the range of 0.3-1 millimeters.

6. A sorbent according to claim 1 , wherein the support is selected from the group consisting of: granules, beads, pellets, extrudates and one or more combinations thereof.

7. A sorbent according to claim 1 , comprising the amine-based compound wherein at least 50% of amine functional groups are secondary amines.

8. A sorbent according to claim 1 , wherein the amine-based compound further comprises monoethanolamine (MEA), ethanolamine, methylamine, branched polyethyleneimine (PEI), linear polyethyleneimine (PEI), diethanolamine (DEA), dimethylamine, diethylamine, diisopropanolamine (DIPA) tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), methylethanolamine, or a combination thereof.

9. A sorbent according to claim 1 , wherein the support is formed with a large total surface area.

10. A sorbent according to claim 1 , wherein the indoor air comprises a CO 2 concentration of about 400 to about 5000 ppm.

11. A sorbent according to claim 1 , wherein a CO 2 concentration in the outdoor air, prior to being streamed into the sorbent, is approximately about 300 to about 500 ppm.

12. A sorbent according to claim 1 , wherein the outdoor air has a CO 2 concentration which is lower than the CO 2 concentration in the indoor air by substantially less than about 1600 ppm.

13. A sorbent according to claim 1 , wherein the support comprises particles, fine particles or a powder based solid, and wherein the fine particles are agglomerated into larger particles so as to facilitate air flow through the sorbent.

14. A sorbent according to claim 1 , wherein outdoor air is streamed through the sorbent at a temperature lower than about 100° C.

15. A sorbent according to claim 1 , wherein outdoor air is streamed through the sorbent at a temperature lower than about 80° C.

16. A sorbent according to claim 1 , wherein outdoor air is streamed through the sorbent at a temperature lower than about 60° C.

17. A sorbent according to claim 1 , wherein outdoor air is streamed through the sorbent at a temperature lower than about 50° C.

18. A sorbent according to claim 1 , wherein the sorbent is disposed in an HVAC system for removal of CO 2 from the indoor air within the HVAC system.

19. A sorbent for reduction of CO 2 from air of an enclosed space, comprising:
a support comprising a porous solid fiber-based material intertwined to form a fabric or paper-like material; and
an amine-based compound, wherein at least 25% of amine functional groups are secondary amines, being supported by the support,
wherein the amine-based compound comprises a polyamine having between 25%-75% of secondary amines,
wherein the sorbent is impregnated with a solution of the amine-based compound, wherein the solution of the amine-based compound comprises water; and
wherein the amine-based compound is configured to capture at least some of the CO 2 within the indoor air of the enclosed space and release at least a portion of the captured CO 2 by streaming outdoor air through the sorbent.

20. A sorbent according to claim 19 , wherein the support comprises a plurality of sheets.

21. A sorbent according to claim 20 wherein the support comprises a plurality of sheets with a thickness in the range of one micron to two centimeters.

22. A sorbent according to claim 19 wherein the support comprises a plurality of sheets with a thickness in the range of 2 to 80 millimeters.

23. A sorbent according to claim 1 , wherein the amine-based compound further comprises a mixture of diethanolamine (DEA) and any other amine or compound.

24. A sorbent of claim 1 , wherein the support is impregnated by the amine-based compound with additional mechanical stimulation, with catalysts, or with external energy sources, such as heat.

25. A sorbent for reduction of CO2 from air of an enclosed space, comprising:
a support comprising a plurality of solid particles having an average diameter dimension in the range of 0.1-10 millimeters; and
an amine-based compound comprising a polyamine having between 25%-75% of secondary amines and a solvent, wherein the solvent is water, and
wherein the amine-based compound is configured to capture at least some of the CO2 within the indoor air of the enclosed space and release at least a portion of the captured CO2 by streaming outdoor air through the sorbent.

26. A sorbent for reduction of CO2 from air of an enclosed space, comprising:
a support comprising a plurality of solid particles having an average diameter dimension in the range of 0.1-10 millimeters; and
an amine-based compound comprising a polyamine having between 25%-75% of secondary amines and a solvent, wherein the solvent is water,
wherein the support impregnated with the amine-based compound is not further dried, and
wherein the amine-based compound is configured to capture at least some of the CO2 within the indoor air of the enclosed space and release at least a portion of the captured CO2 by streaming outdoor air through the sorbent.

Assignees

• Meirav Udi
• Biran Israel
• Enverid Systems Inc

Inventors

• Meirav Udi
• Biran Israel

Classifications

• B01D53/025 Primary

  with wetted adsorbents; Chromatography (analytical chromatography G01N30/00 - G01N30/96; for liquids B01D15/08) · CPC title

• B01D2259/4508

  for cleaning air in buildings · CPC title

• Y02C10/04

  Cross-Sectional Technologies · mapped topic

• B01J20/12

  Naturally occurring clays or bleaching earth · CPC title

• B01D2259/40086

  by using a purge gas (B01D2259/4009 takes precedence) · CPC title