Spinel compositions and applications thereof

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9511358-B2
Application number	US-201414503003-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Sep 30, 2014
Priority date	Nov 26, 2013
Publication date	Dec 6, 2016
Grant date	Dec 6, 2016

Abstract

Spinels having a general formula of AB 2 O 4 , where A and B are a transition metal but not the same transition metal are disclosed. Spinel and spinel compositions of the application are useful in various applications and methods as further described.

First claim

The invention claimed is:

1. A catalyst comprising a spinel having the general formula of AB 2 O 4 , wherein A and B are a transition metal, wherein A and B are not the same transition metal, and wherein A is selected from the group consisting of manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), silver (Ag), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), platinum (Pt), molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), magnesium (Mg), gallium (Ga), tin (Sn), thallium (Tl), lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi), and B is selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), vanadium (V), silver (Ag), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), platinum (Pt), molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), gallium (Ga), tin (Sn), thallium (Tl), lead (Pb), and bismuth (Bi).

2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal is selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), vanadium (V), silver (Ag), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), platinum (Pt), molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), etc.) and an “other metal” (i.e., aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), gallium (Ga), tin (Sn), thallium (Tl), lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi), and indium (In).

3. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the spinel is rare-earth metal free.

4. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the spinel further comprises a dopant.

5. The catalyst of claim 4 , wherein the spinel has a general formula of A i-x D x B 2 O 4 , where D is the dopant.

6. The catalyst of claim 4 , wherein the dopant is selected from the group consisting of vanadium, silver, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium, platinum, molybdenum, tin, calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), lithium (Li), titanium, lanthanum (La), samarium (Sm), gadolinium (Gd), yttrium (Y), neodymium (Nd), cerium (Ce), aluminum, gallium, magnesium, zirconium (Zr), and tungsten (W), and further wherein D is not the same metal as A or B.

7. The catalyst of claim 4 , wherein the dopant is a low valence dopant.

8. The catalyst of claim 4 , wherein the dopant is a high valence dopant.

9. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the spinel is deposited on a substrate.

10. The catalyst of claim 9 , wherein the substrate is a support oxide.

11. The catalyst of claim 10 , wherein the support oxide is transition alumina, alpha alumina, titania, zeolite, silica, silicate, magnesium-silicate, silica-alumina, ceria, ceria-zirconia, lanthanide-doped ceria-zirconia, lanthanum doped alumina, and mixed metal oxide.

12. The catalyst of claim 11 , wherein the mixed metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of fluorite, pyrochlore, perovskite, pseudo-brookite, lanthanide oxide, titanium oxide, silver oxide, and tin oxide.

13. The catalyst of claim 4 , wherein the dopant is an aliovalent dopant.

14. A battery comprising an anode or cathode, wherein the anode or the cathode comprise an active ingredient comprising a spinel having the general formula of AB 2 O 4 , wherein A and B are each independently a transition metal, wherein A and B are not the same transition metal, and wherein A is selected from the group consisting of nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), platinum (Pt), molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), magnesium (Mg), gallium (Ga), tin (Sn), thallium (Tl), lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi) and indium (In), and B is selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), vanadium (V), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), platinum (Pt), molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), gallium (Ga), tin (Sn), thallium (Ti), lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi), and indium (In).

15. A method of cleaning emissions from a combustion engine comprising directing exhaust from a combustion engine through or flow over a catalyst comprising a spinel having the general formula of AB 2 O 4 , wherein A and B are each independently a transition metal, wherein A and B are not the same transition metal, and wherein A is selected from the group consisting of manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), silver (Ag), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), platinum (Pt), molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), magnesium (Mg), gallium (Ga), tin (Sn), thallium (Tl), lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi), and B is selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), vanadium (V), silver (Ag), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), platinum (Pt), molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), gallium (Ga), tin (Sn), thallium (Tl), lead (Pb), and bismuth (Bi).

16. A polymeric material comprising a polymeric formulation and a spinel having the general formula of AB 2 O 4 , wherein A and B are each independently a transition metal, wherein A and B are not the same transition metal.

17. The polymeric material of claim 16 wherein the polymeric formulation comprises a polyolefin.

18. The polymeric material of claim 16 wherein the polymeric formulation comprises at least one of a polyethylene or a polypropylene.

19. The polymeric material of claim 18 , wherein the polyethylene is low density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, or mixtures thereof.

20. The polymeric material of claim 16 wherein the polymeric formulation comprises ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene-ethylacrylate copolymers, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers, polymethylmethacrylate mixtures of at least two of the foregoing, or mixtures thereof.

21. A method of generating hydrogen comprising reacting carbon monoxide and steam with a catalyst comprising a spinel having the general formula of AB 2 O 4 , wherein A and B are a transition metal, wherein A and B are not the same transition metal, and wherein A is selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), vanadium (V), silver (Ag), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), platinum (Pt), molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), gallium (Ga), tin (Sn), thallium (Tl), lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi), and indium (In), and B is selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), vanadium (V), silver (Ag), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), platinum (Pt), molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), gallium (Ga), tin (Sn), thallium (Tl), lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi), and indium (In).

22. The method of claim 21 further comprising capturing the hydrogen generated.

23. A method of generating hydrogen comprising reacting steam with a hydrocarbon in a reforming catalyst, wherein the reforming catalyst comprises a spinel having the general formula of AB 2 O 4 , wherein A and B are a transition metal, wherein A and B are not the same transition metal.

24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of methane, natural gas, methanol, and ethanol.

25. The method of claim 23 , wherein said reacting is performed at temperatures at about 700° C. to about 1100° C.

26. A thermoelectric composition comprising a spinel and aliovalent dopant, wherein the spinel has an oxygen vacancy or cation defect, and wherein the spinel has the general formula of AB 2 O 4 , wherein A and B are a transition metal, wherein A and B are not the same transition metal

Assignees

• Clean Diesel Tech Inc

Inventors

• Nazarpoor Zahra
• Golden Stephen J

Classifications

• B01J23/005 Primary

  Spinels · CPC title

• C01B2203/0233

  the reforming step being a steam reforming step · CPC title

• B01J37/0244

  Coatings comprising several layers · CPC title

• B01J23/8986

  with manganese, technetium or rhenium · CPC title

• C01B13/0281

  in getters · CPC title