Multifunctional mixed metal olivines for lithium ion batteries

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9509019-B2
Application number	US-201213482649-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	May 29, 2012
Priority date	Jul 12, 2007
Publication date	Nov 29, 2016
Grant date	Nov 29, 2016

Abstract

Electroactive compositions are disclosed for use in lithium ion battery electrodes. The compositions, such as multifunctional mixed metal olivines, provide an electrochemical cell having a plurality of open circuit voltages at different states of charge. The compositions afford improved state-of-charge monitoring, overcharge protection and/or overdischarge protection for lithium ion batteries.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. An electroactive composition for use as a positive electrode material in an electrochemical cell comprising a high voltage indicator and a low voltage indicator, said composition comprising an olivine lithium metal phosphate material having the formula Li x M′ y M″ z M′″ w PO 4 , wherein
M′ is one or more of Mn and Fe;
M″ is one or more of Mn, Co and Ni, wherein M″ is a high voltage indicator with a high voltage plateau, where the high voltage plateau is between 0.5 and 2.0 V higher than a working voltage of the cell;
M′″ is one or more of Ti, Zr and Mg, wherein M′″ is a low voltage indicator with a low voltage plateau, where the low voltage plateau is between 0.1 and 0.7 V lower than a working voltage of the cell;
M′ is not the same as M″;
M″ is not the same as M′″;
0≦x≦0.1.2;
0.5≦y≦0.95;
0.05≦z≦0.2;
0.025≦w≦0.25;
0.8≦y+z+w≦1.2; and
where the high voltage plateau of the high voltage indicator and the low voltage plateau of the low voltage indicator are different than the working voltage of the cell.

2. An electrochemical cell comprising a high voltage indicator and a low voltage indicator, comprising:
(a) a positive electrode comprising a positive electrode electroactive material including an olivine lithium metal phosphate having the formula Li x M′ y M″ z M′″ w PO 4 , wherein
M′ is one or more of Mn and Fe;
M″ is one or more of Mn, Co and Ni, wherein M″ is a high voltage indicator, with a high voltage plateau, where the high voltage plateau is between 0.5 and 2.0 V higher than a working voltage of the cell;
M′″ is one or more of Ti, Zr and Mg, wherein M′″ is a low voltage indicator, with a low voltage plateau, where the low voltage plateau is between 0.1 and 0.7 V lower than a working voltage of the cell;
M′ is not the same as M″;
M″ is not the same as M′″;
0≦x≦1.2; 0.5≦y≦0.95; 0.05≦z≦0.2; 0.025≦w≦0.25; and
0.8≦y+z+w≦1.2, where the high voltage indicator and the low voltage indicator are different than the working voltage of the cell; and

(b) a negative electrode separated from the positive electrode by an electrolyte.

3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein 0.6≦y≦0.9.

4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein 0.05≦w≦0.2.

5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein 0.6≦y≦0.9, 0.05≦z≦0.2 and 0.05≦w≦0.2.

6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein M′ is Mn.

7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein M′ is Fe.

8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein M″ is Mn.

9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein M″ in Co.

10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein M″ in Ni.

11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein M′″ is Ti.

12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein Mi′″ in Zr.

13. The composition of claim 1 , wherein M′″ in Mg.

14. The electrochemical cell of claim 2 , wherein 0.6≦y≦0.9.

15. The electrochemical cell of claim 2 , wherein 0.05≦w≦0.2.

16. The electrochemical cell of claim 2 , wherein 0.6≦y≦0.9, 0.05≦z≦0.2 and 0.05≦w≦0.2.

17. The electrochemical cell of claim 2 , wherein M′ is Mn.

18. The electrochemical cell of claim 2 , wherein M′ is Fe.

19. The electrochemical cell of claim 2 , wherein M″ is Mn.

20. The electrochemical cell of claim 2 , wherein M″ in Co.

21. The electrochemical cell of claim 2 , wherein M″ in Ni.

22. The electrochemical cell of claim 2 , wherein M′″ is Ti.

23. The electrochemical cell of claim 2 , wherein M′″ in Zr.

24. The electrochemical cell of claim 2 , wherein M′″ in Mg.

Assignees

• Chiang Yet-Ming
• Chu Andrew C
• Jang Young-Il
• Meethong Nonglak
• Kao Yu-Hua
• Riley Jr Gilbert N
• Pullen Anthony E
• Thomas-Alyea Karen E
• A123 Systems Llc

Inventors

• Chiang Yet-Ming
• Chu Andrew C
• Jang Young-Il
• Meethong Nonglak
• Kao Yu-Hua
• Riley Jr Gilbert N
• Pullen Anthony E
• Thomas-Alyea Karen E

Classifications

• H01M10/48

  Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte (constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals, H01M50/569) · CPC title

• H01M4/485

  of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy (H01M4/505, H01M4/525 take precedence) · CPC title

• H01M4/364

  as mixtures · CPC title

• H01M10/44 Primary

  Methods for charging or discharging (circuits for charging H02J7/00) · CPC title

• H01M4/5825

  Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines · CPC title