Battery electrolyte solution containing certain ester-based solvents, and batteries containing such an electrolyte solution

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9472813-B2
Application number	US-201113990387-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Dec 13, 2011
Priority date	Dec 15, 2010
Publication date	Oct 18, 2016
Grant date	Oct 18, 2016

Abstract

Battery electrolyte solutions contain certain ester solvents, a lithium salt and vinylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate or fluoroethylene carbonate. Batteries containing these solvents have excellent specific discharge capacities and reduced weight compared to batteries in which the electrolyte is based on ethylene carbonate.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A nonaqueous battery electrolyte solution comprising:
(1) at least one lithium salt in an amount to provide at least a 0.1 M solution of the lithium salt in the battery electrolyte solution,
(2) 2 methoxy-1-methylethyl acetate, 2-methoxy-2-methylethyl acetate, 2-ethoxy-1-methylethyl acetate, 2-ethoxy-2-methylethyl acetate, 2-methoxyethyl propionate, 2-ethyoxyethyl propionate, 2-methoxy-1-methylethyl propionate, 2-ethoxy-1-methylethyl propionate, 2-methoxy-2-methylethyl propionate, 2-ethoxy-2-methylethyl propionate, or a mixture of any two or more thereof and
(3) from 0.5 to 5% by weight, based on the combined weight of components (2) and (3), of vinylene carbonate, 4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, fluoroethylenecarbonate or a mixture of any two or more thereof,
which battery electrolyte solution contains from 0 to 30% by weight of an additional solvent.

2. The battery electrolyte solution of claim 1 wherein the additional solvent is ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, a dialkyl carbonate or mixture thereof.

3. The battery electrolyte solution of claim 2 which contains no more than 5% by weight of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, a dialkyl carbonate or mixture thereof.

4. A nonaqueous battery electrolyte solution comprising:
(1) at least one lithium salt in an amount to provide at least a 0.1 M solution of the lithium salt in the battery electrolyte solution, and
(2) a 2-alkoxy-1-alkylethyl acetate or 2-alkoxy-2-alkylethyl acetate having up to 12 carbon atoms, wherein the alkoxy group contains from 1 to 7-carbon atoms and may be partially or completely fluorinated and wherein the alkyl group contains from 1 to 7-carbon atoms and may be partially or completely fluorinated, in an amount sufficient to dissolve the lithium salt and which further contains (3) from 0.5 to 5% by weight of vinylene carbonate or 4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one based on the combined weight of components (2) and (3).

5. The battery electrolyte solution of claim 4 wherein the 2-alkoxy-1-alkylethyl acetate or 2-alkoxy-2-alkylethyl acetate compound is 2-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl acetate, 2-methoxy-2-methylethyl acetate, 2-ethoxy-1-methylethyl acetate, 2-ethoxy-2-methylethyl acetate or mixture of two or more thereof.

6. The battery electrolyte solution of claim 1 wherein the lithium salt is at least one of LiPF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 and Li[(CF 3 SO 3 ) 2 N].

7. The battery electrolyte solution of claim 1 which further comprises at least one other additive selected from a cathode protection agent, a lithium salt stabilizer, a lithium deposition improving agent, an ionic solvation enhancer, a corrosion inhibitor, a wetting agent and a viscosity reducing agent.

8. An electrical battery comprising a graphite anode, a cathode, a separator disposed between the anode and cathode, and an electrolyte solution in contact with the anode and cathode, wherein the electrolyte solution is a battery electrolyte solution of claim 1 .

9. The electrical battery of claim 8 which is a secondary battery.

10. The electrical battery of claim 9 , which is a lithium ion, lithium sulfur, lithium metal or lithium polymer battery.

11. The battery electrolyte solution of claim 1 , wherein component (3) is vinylene carbonate.

12. The battery electrolyte solution of claim 1 , wherein component (3) is 4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one.

13. The battery electrolyte solution of claim 1 , wherein component (3) is fluoroethylenecarbonate.

14. An electrical battery comprising a graphite anode, a cathode, a separator disposed between the anode and cathode, and an electrolyte solution in contact with the anode and cathode, wherein the electrolyte solution is a battery electrolyte solution of claim 4 .

15. An electrical battery comprising a graphite anode, a cathode, a separator disposed between the anode and cathode, and an electrolyte solution in contact with the anode and cathode, wherein the electrolyte solution is a battery electrolyte solution of claim 11 .

16. An electrical battery comprising a graphite anode, a cathode, a separator disposed between the anode and cathode, and an electrolyte solution in contact with the anode and cathode, wherein the electrolyte solution is a battery electrolyte solution of claim 12 .

17. An electrical battery comprising a graphite anode, a cathode, a separator disposed between the anode and cathode, and an electrolyte solution in contact with the anode and cathode, wherein the electrolyte solution is a battery electrolyte solution of claim 13 .

Assignees

• Uzun Oktay
• Welsh Dean M
• Wilson David R
• Shankar Ravi B
• Brennan David J
• Dow Global Technologies Llc

Inventors

• Uzun Oktay
• Welsh Dean M
• Wilson David R
• Shankar Ravi B
• Brennan David J

Classifications

• H01M10/0569 Primary

  characterised by the solvents · CPC title

• H01M10/052

  Li-accumulators · CPC title

• H01M10/056

  characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes · CPC title

• H01M10/0567

  characterised by the additives · CPC title

• Y02T10/7011

  Cross-Sectional Technologies · mapped topic