Gain-producing fibers with increased cladding absorption while maintaining single-mode operation

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9366806-B2
Application number	US-201314010825-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Aug 27, 2013
Priority date	Aug 29, 2012
Publication date	Jun 14, 2016
Grant date	Jun 14, 2016

Abstract

The cladding absorption of a single-mode, gain-producing fibers is increased in fiber designs that includes a trench region disposed between the core and inner cladding regions. Increased cladding absorption is achieved while maintaining single-mode operation.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A gain-producing optical fiber comprising:
a core region having a longitudinal axis,
a cladding region surrounding said core region, said core and cladding regions configured to support and guide the propagation of signal light in a fundamental transverse mode in the direction of said axis,
said cladding region including a trench region surrounding said core region, an inner cladding region surrounding said trench region, and an outer cladding region surrounding said inner cladding region, said inner cladding region having a refractive index less than that of said core region, and said trench region having a refractive index below that of said inner cladding region,
at least said core region including at least one gain-producing species that provides gain to said signal light when suitable pumping energy is applied to said fiber, and
said core and cladding regions being configured so that said fundamental mode is guided predominantly in said core region and the difference in refractive index Δn tr between said trench region and said inner cladding region is, in absolute value, less than the difference in refractive index Δn core between said core region and said inner cladding region, thereby allowing the diameter of said core region and the cladding absorption of said fiber both to be increased as compared to a corresponding gain-producing fiber without said trench region, while maintaining single-mode operation of said signal light,
wherein said core, trench and inner cladding regions are configured to increase by at least approximately 30% the cladding absorption (α clad ) of said fiber, where α clad =α d (A d /A clad ), α d is the absorption coefficient of the regions of said fiber that include gain-producing species, A d is the transverse cross-sectional area of the re ions of said fiber that include gain-producing species, and A clad is the total transverse cross-sectional area of said fiber contained within said outer cladding, as compared to a fiber with similar MFD but without said trench region.

2. The fiber of claim 1 , where in said gain producing species provides gain to said signal light at a signal wavelength at or above approximately 1000nm.

3. The fiber of claim 1 , wherein at least said core region is doped with Tm, said fundamental mode is characterized by a mode-field diameter (MFD) of approximately 8-20μm and said core and cladding regions are configured so that said cladding absorption is increased by approximately 41-53% as compared to said corresponding gain-producing fiber without said trench region.

4. The fiber of claim 3 , wherein the radius of said core region is approximately 3.5-11.0μm, the index contrast of said core region is approximately 2.3-16.0 33 10 −3 , the index contrast of said trench region is approximately −1.0× 10 −3 to −7.0× 10 −3 , and the minimum width of said trench region is approximately 3.0-6.0μm.

5. The fiber of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of said trench region also includes at least one gain-producing species.

6. The fiber of claim 1 , wherein said gain-producing fiber comprises a double-clad fiber, and wherein said core, trench and inner cladding regions comprise silica and said outer cladding region is selected from the group consisting of a low-index polymer, down-doped silica, and an air clad structure.

7. The fiber of claim 1 , wherein said core and cladding regions are configured to support and guide only said fundamental mode of said signal light.

8. The fiber of claim 1 , wherein said core and cladding regions are configured to support and guide said fundamental mode and no more than about 1-4modes of said signal light.

9. The fiber of claims 1 , wherein said gain-producing fiber comprises a double-clad fiber, and wherein said pumping energy is provided by a source of multimode pump light and said core and cladding regions are configured so that said pump light can be coupled into said core region via said inner cladding region.

10. The fiber of claim 1 , wherein at least said core region is doped with Er, said fundamental mode is characterized by a mode-field diameter (MFD) of approximately 9-20μm and said core and cladding regions are configured so that said cladding absorption is increased by approximately 76-98% as compared to said corresponding gain-producing fiber without said trench region, and the ratio of the radius of said core region to said MFD is less than approximately 0.6.

11. The fiber of claim 10 , wherein the radius of said core region is approximately 4.3-11.8μm, the index contrast of said core region is approximately 1.0-4.5× 10 −3 , the index contrast of said trench region is approximately −1.0× 10 −3 to −4.0× 10 −3 , and the minimum width of said trench region is approximately 2.0-5.0μm.

12. The fiber of claim 1 , wherein at least said core region is doped with Er, said fundamental mode is characterized by a mode-field diameter (MFD) of approximately 9-20μm and said core and cladding regions are configured so that said cladding absorption is increased by approximately 76-98% as compared to said corresponding gain-producing fiber without said trench region, and the ratio of the radius of said core region to said MFD is greater than approximately 0.6.

13. The fiber of claim 12 , wherein the radius of said core region is approximately 5.7-13μm, the index contrast of said core region is approximately 1.0-4.5× 10 −3 , the index contrast of said trench region is approximately −2.0× 10 −3 to −6.0× 10 −3 , and the minimum width of said trench region is approximately 3.0-8.0μm.

14. A method of increasing the cladding absorption of gain-producing fiber that includes a gain-producing core region, an inner cladding region surrounding said core region and an outer cladding surrounding said inner cladding region, said method including the steps of
(a) forming a trench region between said core region and said inner cladding region; the diameter of said core region being greater than that of a corresponding gain-producing fiber that does not have a trench region;
(b) configuring said core, trench and inner cladding regions so that (i) the refractive index of said trench region is less than that of said inner cladding region and (ii) the difference in refractive index Δn tr , between said trench and inner cladding regions is less than the difference in refractive index Δn core between said core region and said inner cladding region; and
(c) configuring said core, trench and inner cladding regions so that the fundamental mode of signal light can be supported and guided in said core region and so that pump light can be coupled into said core region
wherein , steps (a), (b) and (c) configure said core, trench and inner cladding regions to increase by at least approximately 30% the cladding absorption (α clad ) of said fiber, where α clad =α d (A d /A clad )α d is the absorption coefficient of the regions of said fiber that include gain-producing species, A d is the transverse cross-sectional area of the regions of said fiber that include gain-producing species, and A clad is the total transverse cross-sectional area of said fiber contained within said outer cladding, as compared to a similar fiber without said trench region.

15. The method of claim 14 , further including the step of doping at least said core region with gain producing species to provide gain to said signal light at a signal wavelength at or above approximately 1000 nm.

16. The method of claim 14 , wherein steps (a), (b) and (c) configure said core, trench and cladding regions so that said fundamental mode is cha

Assignees

• Ofs Fitel Llc

Inventors

• Taunay Thierry F

Classifications

• H01S3/1608

  erbium · CPC title

• G02B6/03644 Primary

  arranged - + - · CPC title

• H01S3/1618

  ytterbium · CPC title

• H01S3/094007

  Cladding pumping, i.e. pump light propagating in a clad surrounding the active core · CPC title

• H01S3/1616

  thulium · CPC title