Electrode active material, electrode comprising the same, lithium battery comprising the electrode, and method of preparing the electrode active material

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9343732-B2
Application number	US-201213548746-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Jul 13, 2012
Priority date	Sep 23, 2011
Publication date	May 17, 2016
Grant date	May 17, 2016

Abstract

An electrode active material, an electrode including the electrode active material, a lithium battery including the electrode, and a method of preparing the electrode active material. The electrode active material includes a core having at least one of a metal or a metal oxide that enables intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions and a crystalline carbon thin film that is formed on at least a portion of a surface of the core. The electrode active material has a nano-structure.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. An electrode active material comprising:
a core comprising at least one of a metal and a metal oxide which enable intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions;
a crystalline carbon thin film that is formed on at least a portion of a surface of the core; and
the electrode active material has a nano-structure, wherein the core comprises pores and a skeleton that forms a wall between adjacent pores, the electrode active material has a bimodal pore size distribution, the crystalline carbon thin film is formed on an exposed surface of the core and an inner wall of the pore by forming a carbon-based moiety represented by Formula 2 below and converting the carbon-based moiety into the crystalline carbon thin film having a thickness of 2 nanometers or less,
wherein the metal comprises at least one of tin (Sn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), and bismuth (Bi), and the metal oxide comprises at least one of tin oxide, iron oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, zinc oxide, manganese oxide, molybdenum oxide, and bismuth oxide:

wherein ring A is benzene, naphthalene, phenalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, triphenylene, pyrene, chrysene, naphthacene, picene, perylene, pentaphene, hexacene, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, quinoline, phthalazine, quinoxaline, quinazoline, cinnoline, phenanthridine, phenanthroline, or phenazine;
b is an integer of 1 to 5; and
* denotes a binding site with the surface of the core.

2. The electrode active material of claim 1 , wherein the electrode active material is in the form of a particle, rod, wire, or tube.

3. The electrode active material of claim 1 , wherein the pores are connected to each other to form a channel.

4. The electrode active material of claim 1 , wherein the core comprises at least one of SnO 2 and MoO 2 .

5. The electrode active material of claim 1 , wherein the peak intensity ratio of I D /I G is 0.7 or lower, wherein in a Raman spectrum of the crystalline carbon thin film, I D represents an intensity of peak D that is present at a wave number of 1360±10 cm −1 and I G represents an intensity of peak G that is present at a wave number of 1580±10 cm −1 .

6. The electrode active material of claim 1 , wherein a powder resistance value of the electrode active material at 31.83 Mpa is in a range of about 2.0×10 −5 S/cm to about 1.0×10 −2 S/cm.

7. The electrode active material of claim 1 , wherein B/A is 7.69×10 −3 g 2 /m 2 or less, A represents a specific surface area of the core, and B represents a mass of the carbon thin film.

8. The electrode active material of claim 1 , wherein a specific surface area of the electrode active material is in a range of about 50 m 2 /g to about 250 m 2 /g.

9. An electrode comprising the electrode active material of claim 1 .

10. A lithium battery comprising the electrode of claim 9 .

11. A lithium battery of claim 10 , wherein the electrode is a negative electrode.

12. A method of preparing the electrode active material of claim 1 , the method comprising:
forming a carbon-based moiety represented by Formula 2 below on at least a portion of a surface of a core including at least one of a metal and a metal oxide that enable intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions by mixing i) the core, ii) a carbon-based precursor represented by Formula 1 below, and iii) a solvent; and
converting the carbon-based moiety into a crystalline carbon thin film having a thickness of 2 nm or less by heating in an inert atmosphere the core on which the carbon-based moiety is formed,

in Formulae 1 and 2,
the ring A is benzene, naphthalene, phenalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, triphenylene, pyrene, chrysene, naphthacene, picene, perylene, pentaphene, hexacene, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, quinoline, phthalazine, quinoxaline, quinazoline, cinnoline, phenanthridine, phenanthroline, or phenazine;
a and b are each independently an integer of 1 to 5; and
* denotes a binding site with the surface of the core,
wherein the metal comprises at least one of tin (Sn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), and bismuth (Bi), and the metal oxide comprises at least one of tin oxide, iron oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, zinc oxide, manganese oxide, molybdenum oxide, and bismuth oxide.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein a and b each are 1 or 2.

14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the forming of the carbon-based moiety on at least a portion of the surface of the core further comprises heating at a temperature of about 100° C. to about 500° C. for about 1 hour to about 5 hours to promote dehydration between a hydroxyl group at the core surface and a hydroxyl group of the carbon-based precursor.

15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the heating of the core on which the carbon-based moiety is formed, is performed at a temperature of about 300° C. to about 600° C. for about 1 hour to about 5 hours.

16. The electrode active material of claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the crystalline carbon thin film is smaller than the thickness of the skeleton.

17. The electrode active material of claim 1 , wherein the carbon-based moiety is 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene.

18. The electrode active material of claim 1 , wherein the carbon-based moiety is formed using a carbon-based precursor represented by Formula 1 below

wherein the ring A is a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 30 aromatic ring or a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 30 heteroaromatic ring; and
a is an integer of 1 to 5.

Assignees

• Shon Jeong-Kuk
• Choi Jae-Man
• Hwang Seung-Sik
• Kwon Moon-Seok
• Song Min-Sang
• Kim Myung-Hoon
• Kim Ji-Man
• Park Gwi-Ok
• Samsung Electronics Co Ltd

Inventors

• Shon Jeong-Kuk
• Choi Jae-Man
• Hwang Seung-Sik
• Kwon Moon-Seok
• Song Min-Sang
• Kim Myung-Hoon
• Kim Ji-Man
• Park Gwi-Ok

Classifications

• H01M4/364

  as mixtures · CPC title

• H01M4/0471 Primary

  involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis · CPC title

• H01M4/133

  Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx · CPC title

• H01M4/134

  Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys · CPC title

• H01M4/131

  Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx · CPC title