Electrolyte compositions for lithium ion batteries

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9300009-B2
Application number	US-201213657304-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Oct 22, 2012
Priority date	Oct 22, 2012
Publication date	Mar 29, 2016
Grant date	Mar 29, 2016

Abstract

The invention is directed in a first aspect to an ionic liquid of the general formula Y + Z − , wherein Y + is a positively-charged component of the ionic liquid and Z − is a negatively-charged component of the ionic liquid, wherein Z − is a boron-containing anion of the following formula:

The invention is also directed to electrolyte compositions in which the boron-containing ionic liquid Y + Z − is incorporated into a lithium ion battery electrolyte, with or without admixture with another ionic liquid Y + X − and/or non-ionic solvent and/or non-ionic solvent additive.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. An ionic liquid of the general formula Y + T − , wherein Y + is a positively-charged component of the ionic liquid and Z − is a negatively-charged component of the ionic liquid, wherein Z − has a composition of the following formula:

wherein R 28 , R 29 , R 30 , and R 31 are independently selected from H, F, hydrocarbon groups R attaching to the shown boron atom by a carbon atom, and alkoxy groups —OR, wherein at least one of R 30 and R 31 is F, and R 28 and R 29 can optionally interconnect to form a boron-containing ring;
provided that, if R 28 and R 29 interconnect, then the ionic liquid has the formula:

wherein R 32 and R 33 are independently selected from H, F, hydrocarbon groups R, and alkoxy groups —OR, wherein at least one of R 32 and R 33 is F.

2. The ionic liquid of claim 1 , wherein Z − has a composition of the following formula:

3. The ionic liquid of claim 1 , wherein Y + is an ammonium or phosphonium species.

4. The ionic liquid of claim 3 , wherein Y + is an ammonium species.

5. The ionic liquid of claim 4 , wherein Y + is comprised of a heterocyclic ring having a positively-charged ring nitrogen.

6. The ionic liquid of claim 5 , wherein Y + is selected from imidazolium, benzimidazolium, pyridinium, pyrazinium, pyrrolidinium, piperidinium, piperazinium, morpholinium, pyrrolium, pyrazolium, pyrimidinium, triazolium, oxazolium, thiazolium, triazinium, indolium, quinolinium, quinazolinium, and cyclic guanidinium rings.

7. An electrolyte composition for a lithium ion battery, the electrolyte composition comprising:
a first ionic liquid of the general formula Y + Z − , wherein Y + is a positively-charged component of the ionic liquid and Z − is a negatively-charged component of the ionic liquid, wherein Z − has a composition of the following formula:

wherein R 28 , R 29 , R 30 , and R 31 are independently selected from H, F, hydrocarbon groups R attaching to the shown boron atom by a carbon atom, and alkoxy groups —OR, wherein at least one of R 30 and R 31 is F, and R 28 and R 29 can optionally interconnect to form a boron-containing ring,
provided that, if R 28 and R 29 interconnect, then the ionic liquid has the formula:

wherein R 32 and R 33 are independently selected from H, F, hydrocarbon groups R, and alkoxy groups —OR, wherein at least one of R 32 and R 33 is F;
a second ionic liquid of the general formula Y + X − , wherein Y + is a positively-charged component of the ionic liquid and X − is a negatively-charged component of the ionic liquid, wherein X − does not have a formula according to Formula 10a; and
a lithium salt.

8. An electrolyte composition for a lithium ion battery, the electrolyte composition comprised of:
an ionic liquid of the general formula Y + Z − , wherein Y + is a positively-charged component of the ionic liquid and Z − is a negatively-charged component of the ionic liquid, wherein Z − has a composition of the following formula:

wherein R 28 , R 29 , R 30 , and R 31 are independently selected from H, F, hydrocarbon groups R attaching to the shown boron atom by a carbon atom, and alkoxy groups —OR, wherein at least one of R 30 and R 31 is F, and R 28 and R 29 can optionally interconnect to form a boron-containing ring;
provided that, if R 28 and R 29 interconnect, then the ionic liquid has the formula:

wherein R 32 and R 33 are independently selected from H, F, hydrocarbon groups R, and alkoxy groups —OR, wherein at least one of R 32 and R 33 is F;
a non-ionic solvent; and
a lithium salt.

9. The electrolyte composition of claim 8 , wherein said non-ionic solvent is a sulfone or carbonate solvent.

10. The electrolyte composition of claim 8 , further comprising a non-ionic solvent additive.

11. The electrolyte composition of claim 10 , wherein said non-ionic solvent additive is a carbonate solvent additive.

12. The electrolyte composition of claim 10 , wherein said non-ionic solvent additive is a sulfite solvent additive.

Assignees

• Ut Battelle Llc

Inventors

• Sun Xiao-Guang
• Dai Sheng
• Liao Chen

Classifications

• H01M10/0567

  characterised by the additives · CPC title

• Y02T10/7011

  Cross-Sectional Technologies · mapped topic

• H01M10/0568

  characterised by the solutes · CPC title

• H01M2300/0045

  Room temperature molten salts comprising at least one organic ion · CPC title

• H01M10/0569

  characterised by the solvents · CPC title