Adaptive biasing for integrated circuits

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9287784-B2
Application number	US-201113243813-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Sep 23, 2011
Priority date	Sep 23, 2011
Publication date	Mar 15, 2016
Grant date	Mar 15, 2016

Abstract

Methods and apparatuses are disclosed for generating an adjustable bias current. The value of the adjustable bias current may be determined based in part on an error signal representative of a difference between an actual output value and a desired output value of a power converter. When the error signal is below a lower threshold voltage, the adjustable bias current may be set to a first value. When the error signal is above an upper threshold voltage, the adjustable bias current may be set to a second, higher value. When the error signal is between the lower threshold voltage and the upper threshold voltage, the adjustable bias current may change linearly with the error signal.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. An adjustable bias current generator circuit for use in a power converter, comprising:
a reference current circuit coupled to generate a constant reference current, wherein the reference current circuit includes:
a current source coupled to generate a constant current; and
a first current mirror coupled to the current source, wherein the first current mirror includes a first transistor coupled to receive the constant current from the current source, and a second transistor coupled to the first transistor to generate the constant reference current;

a comparison circuit coupled to the reference current circuit to generate an adjustable reference current, wherein the comparison circuit includes:
a second current mirror including a third transistor coupled to the first and second transistors;
a fourth transistor coupled to the third transistor;
an impedance element coupled to the fourth transistor;
a fifth transistor coupled to the impedance element, wherein the adjustable reference current is conducted through the fifth transistor, the impedance element, the fourth transistor, and the third transistor;
a first operational amplifier having an output coupled to the fourth transistor, an inverting input coupled to receive a reference signal representative of a lower threshold voltage, and a non-inverting input coupled to a first end of the impedance element; and
a second operational amplifier having an output coupled to the fifth transistor, an inverting input coupled to a second end of the impedance element, and a non-inverting element coupled to receive an error signal representative of a difference between an actual output value and a desired output value; and

an output circuit coupled to the reference current circuit and the comparison circuit to generate the adjustable bias current, wherein the output circuit includes a third current mirror circuit including a sixth transistor coupled to a seventh transistor, wherein the reference current circuit and the comparison circuit are coupled to receive the constant reference current and the adjustable reference current from the sixth transistor, and wherein the seventh transistor is coupled to the sixth transistor to mirror a sum of the constant reference current and the adjustable reference current to generate the adjustable bias current.

2. The adjustable bias current generator circuit of claim 1 , wherein the value of the constant reference current is substantially equal to a value of the constant current.

3. The adjustable bias current generator circuit of claim 1 , wherein the value of the adjustable reference current is based at least in part on a voltage at the first end of the-impedance element, a voltage at the second end of the impedance element, and a value of the impedance element.

4. The adjustable bias current generator circuit of claim 1 , wherein the sixth transistor is coupled to conduct an output reference current, wherein a value of the output reference current is equal to the sum of the constant reference current and the adjustable reference current.

5. The adjustable bias current generator circuit of claim 1 , wherein the error signal comprises a voltage, and wherein the reference signal comprises a voltage.

6. The adjustable bias current generator circuit of claim 1 , wherein the adjustable bias current generator circuit is coupled to supply the adjustable bias current to a comparator within a controller of the power converter.

7. The adjustable bias current generator circuit of claim 1 , wherein the adjustable bias current generator circuit coupled to supply the adjustable bias current to an operational amplifier within a controller of the power converter.

8. The adjustable bias current generator circuit of claim 1 , wherein a gate terminal and a drain terminal of the first transistor are coupled to a gate terminal of the second transistor.

9. The adjustable bias current generator circuit of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of channel widths to channel lengths of the first and the second transistors are substantially equal.

10. The adjustable bias current generator circuit of claim 1 , wherein a gate terminal and a drain terminal of the first transistor are coupled to a gate of the third transistor.

11. The adjustable bias current generator circuit of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of channel width to channel length of the third transistor is greater than a ratio of channel width to channel length of the first transistor by at least a factor of N, wherein the factor of N is an integer.

12. The adjustable bias current generator circuit of claim 11 , wherein the factor of N is greater than or equal to 3.

13. The adjustable bias current generator circuit of claim 1 , wherein the impedance element is a resistor.

14. The adjustable bias current generator circuit of claim 13 , wherein the resistor is a temperature dependent resistor.

15. A power converter comprising:
a dc-dc converter coupled to receive an unregulated dc input voltage and output a regulated dc output voltage; and
a controller coupled to the dc-dc converter and coupled to control the transfer of energy through the dc-dc converter, wherein the controller comprises:
an amplifier operable to generate an error signal representative of a difference between an actual output value and a desired output value; and
an adjustable bias current generator circuit, including:
a reference current circuit coupled to generate a constant reference current, wherein the reference circuit includes:
a current source coupled to generate a constant current; and
a first current mirror coupled to the current source, wherein the first current mirror includes a first transistor coupled to receive the constant current from the current source, and a second transistor coupled to the first transistor to generate the constant reference current;

a comparison circuit coupled to the reference current circuit to generate an adjustable reference current, wherein the comparison circuit includes:
a second current mirror including a third transistor coupled to the first and second transistors;
a fourth transistor coupled to the third transistor;
an impedance element coupled to the fourth transistor;
a fifth transistor coupled to the impedance element, wherein the adjustable reference current is conducted through the fifth transistor, the impedance element, the fourth transistor, and the third transistor;
a first operational amplifier having an output coupled to the fourth transistor, an inverting input coupled to receive a reference signal representative of a lower threshold voltage, and a non-inverting input coupled to a first end of the impedance element; and
a second operational amplifier having an output coupled to the fifth transistor, an inverting input coupled to a second end of the impedance element, and a non-inverting element coupled to receive an error signal representative of a difference between an actual output value and a desired output value; and

an output circuit coupled to the reference current circuit and the comparison circuit to generate the adjustable bias current, wherein the output circuit includes a third current mirror circuit including a sixth transistor coupled to a seventh transistor, wherein the reference current circuit and the comparison circuit are coupled to receive the constant reference current and the adjustable reference current from the sixth transistor, and wherein the seventh transistor is coupled to the sixth transistor to mirror a sum of the constant reference current and the adjustable reference current to generate the adjustable bias current.

Assignees

• Zhang Michael
• Gaknoki Yury
• Mao Mingming
• Power Integrations Inc

Inventors

• Zhang Michael
• Gaknoki Yury
• Mao Mingming

Classifications

• H02M3/33507 Primary

  with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters (H02M3/33561, H02M3/33569 take precedence) · CPC title

• G05F1/565

  sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor (G05F1/563 takes precedence) · CPC title

• G05F1/10 Primary

  Regulating voltage or current  (G05F1/02 takes precedence) · CPC title