Magnetic resonance system and method to generate diffusion information

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9250307-B2
Application number	US-201213439050-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Apr 4, 2012
Priority date	Apr 6, 2011
Publication date	Feb 2, 2016
Grant date	Feb 2, 2016

Abstract

In a magnetic resonance (MR) method and system for the generation of diffusion information, diffusion-weighted MR images of an examination subject are generated, each image being generated using an individual diffusion gradient. The diffusion gradients, and therefore the MR images, are sorted such that, after the sorting, a predefined number of diffusion gradients respectively forms a group. Each diffusion gradient belongs to at least one of these groups, and the diffusion gradients of the respective same group are all as linearly independent of one another as possible. The MR images whose diffusion gradients form a group are assembled into an MR result image. Spatial transformations between the MR result images are determined, and the MR images are modified using these spatial transformations. The diffusion information is formed with the aid of the modified MR images.

First claim

We claim as our invention:

1. A method to generate diffusion information representing diffusion of predetermined molecules in tissue of a subject, comprising:
operating a magnetic resonance data acquisition unit, in which a subject is located, to obtain a plurality of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images of the subject, with each of said diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images being generated with a respective, individual diffusion gradient;
in a computerized processor, sorting the diffusion gradients to produce, after sorting, respective groups of said diffusion gradients with a predetermined number of said diffusion gradients in each group and each of said diffusion gradients belonging to at least one of said groups, to place diffusion gradients in respective groups of at least two diffusion gradients per group that are, within the respective groups, as linearly independent of each other as possible by having an absolute value of a scalar product of the at least two diffusion gradients that is minimal;
in said processor, for each of said groups, combining the respective magnetic resonance images that were generated using the respective diffusion gradients in the respective group to form, for each group, a magnetic resonance result image;
in said processor, determining spatial transformations between respective magnetic resonance result images that represent movement of said subject that exists in the respective magnetic resonance result images for which the spatial transformation is determined;
in said processor, using the respective spatial transformations between respective magnetic resonance result images to modify the respective magnetic resonance result images to account for said movement in bringing the respective magnetic resonance result images into registration with each other;
in said processor, forming diffusion information based on the modified magnetic resonance result images; and
at a display in communication with said processor, displaying said magnetic resonance images with said diffusion information embodied therein.

2. A method as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
sorting said diffusion gradients before obtaining said plurality of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images, and thereby defining respective magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted images associated with each group of diffusion gradients; and
acquiring all magnetic resonance images associated with a same group of diffusion gradients in immediate succession.

3. A method as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
obtaining said plurality of diffusion-weighted images with a first b-value;
operating said magnetic resonance data acquisition unit to obtain additional diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images with a second b-value that is smaller than said first b-value; and
overlying said magnetic resonance result images directly in registration with said additional diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images.

4. A method as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
obtaining said plurality of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images with a first b-value;
operating said magnetic resonance data acquisition unit to obtain additional diffusion-weighted images with a second b-value that is smaller than said first b-value; and
determining motion information representing movement of said subject when overlying said magnetic resonance result images in registration with each other, and using said motion information to bring said additional magnetic resonance images into registration with each other.

5. A method as claimed in claim 4 comprising:
overlying said additional magnetic resonance images in registration with each other and obtaining first movement information from the registration of said additional magnetic resonance images;
obtaining second movement information from the registration of said magnetic resonance result images; and
determining movement parameters that best correspond to said first movement information and said second movement information and implementing a final registration of said additional magnetic resonance images using said movement parameters.

6. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said predetermined number of diffusion gradients in each group is three, and sorting said diffusion gradients to cause respective diffusion gradients in each group to be as orthogonal to each other as possible by having an absolute value of a scalar product of any two of the three diffusion gradients that is minimal.

7. A method as claimed in claim 6 comprising:
in said processor, calculating, for each group, an index that decreases dependent on a degree to which the three diffusion gradients in the respective group are orthogonal to each other;
calculating a sum of all respective indices for all of said groups; and
sorting said diffusion gradients to make said sum as small as possible.

8. A method as claimed in claim 7 comprising:
in said processor, requiring each group to satisfy max(|DV 1 ·DV 2 |,|DV 1 ·DV 3 |,|DV 2 ·DV 3 |) <S wherein max(a,b,c) is a function that returns the maximum of a, b and c as a function value, and wherein DVi is the i-th diffusion gradient of the respective group, normalized to the length 1 , and S is a threshold; and
sorting said plurality of diffusion gradients to make said threshold S as small as possible.

9. A method as claimed in claim 6 comprising defining or sorting said diffusion gradients to cause two successive groups of said diffusion gradients to include a same diffusion gradient in each of said two successive groups.

10. A method as claimed in claim 6 comprising sorting said diffusion gradients to cause two successive groups of said diffusion gradients to include two same diffusion gradients in both of said two successive groups.

11. A method as claimed in claim 1 comprising defining said diffusion gradients to cause a distribution of respective directions of said diffusion gradients to be as uniform as possible.

12. A method as claimed in claim 1 comprising
overlying said magnetic resonance result images in registration with each other in real time and detecting a direction of said movement of said subject from the registration of the magnetic resonance result images; and
for a current slice of said subject from which said diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images are obtained, adapting a direction of said current slice dependent on said direction of movement.

13. A method as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
operating said magnetic resonance data acquisition unit with a multi-shot technique to generate said plurality of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images, said multi-shot technique comprising a plurality of scans that are subject to phase errors;
correcting said phase errors by scanning navigator signals in a center of k-space in each scan of said multi-shot technique; and
implementing the registration of said magnetic resonance result images dependent on information obtained from said navigator signals.

14. A method as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
operating said magnetic resonance data acquisition unit with a multi-shot technique to acquire said plurality of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images by scanning multiple slices of the subject in succession with a k-space segment of each slice being scanned before an additional k-space segment of each slice is scanned;
scanning a same k-space segment for all of said slices with diffusion gradients in a same group before said additional k-space segment is scanned; and
scanning said additional k-space segment only when said same k-space segment has been completely scanned with all diffusion gradients of

Assignees

• Huwer Stefan
• Porter David Andrew
• Siemens Ag

Inventors

• Huwer Stefan
• Porter David Andrew

Classifications

• G01R33/56536

  due to magnetic susceptibility variations · CPC title

• G06T2207/30008

  Bone · CPC title

• G01R33/56341 Primary

  Diffusion imaging · CPC title

• G01R33/56509

  due to motion, displacement or flow, e.g. gradient moment nulling (G01R33/567 takes precedence) · CPC title

• G06T2207/10088

  Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] · CPC title