Tension control in actuation of multi-joint medical instruments

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9101379-B2
Application number	US-94573410-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Nov 12, 2010
Priority date	Nov 12, 2010
Publication date	Aug 11, 2015
Grant date	Aug 11, 2015

Abstract

Control systems and methods for a medical instrument use measurements to determine and control the tensions that actuators apply through instrument transmission systems. The use of tension and feedback allows control of a medical instrument having transmission systems that provide non-negligible compliance between joints and actuators even when the positions of joints cannot be directly related to actuator positions. One embodiment determines joint torques and tensions from differences between desired and measured joint positions. Another embodiment determines joint torques and tensions from differences between desired and measured positions of a tip of the instrument. Determination of tensions from joint torques can be performed using sequential evaluation of joints in an order from a distal end of the instrument toward a proximal end of the instrument.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A medical instrument system including:
a plurality of joints;
a plurality of actuators;
a plurality of transmission systems having proximal ends respectively coupled to the actuators, each of the transmission systems having a distal end attached to an associated one of the joints to allow the transmission of a force for articulation of the medical instrument system;
a sensor coupled to measure configuration of the medical instrument; and
a control system coupled to
receive configuration data, including a current configuration of a selected one of the joints and a desired configuration of the selected joint,
determine a first difference between the current configuration of the selected joint and the desired configuration of the selected joint, and
determine a second difference between a current velocity at the selected joint and a desired velocity at the selected joint,
wherein the control system determines a set of tensions using the configuration data, the first difference, and the second difference but not the positions of the actuators and wherein the control system generates control signals for the actuators that cause the actuators to apply the set of tensions and to hold the tensions for a pre-determined time interval.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein each of the transmission systems is compliant and stretches under a regulated value of the actuator force by an amount corresponding to more than a permitted inaccuracy in joint articulation.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the control system determines the tensions independent of compliance of the transmission systems or the joints.

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the control system determines the tensions independent of length of the transmission systems from their proximal ends to their distal ends.

5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the control system determines the tensions independent of shape of the transmission systems from their proximal ends to their distal ends.

6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the control system determines the tensions using a process comprising:
determining from the first and second differences, a joint torque that actuates the selected joint to reduce each difference; and
determining the tensions that produce the torque.

7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the control system uses the configuration data in a process including:
using a first product of the first difference and a first gain factor in determining a joint torque that actuates the selected joint.

8. The system of claim 7 , wherein the process in which the control system uses the configuration data further comprises:
determining a second product of the second difference and a second gain factor, wherein the joint torque that actuates the selected joint further depends on the second product.

9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the control system determines the tensions using a process comprising:
determining differences between a desired configuration of a tip of the instrument and a current configuration of the tip;
determining from the differences, a tip force and a tip torque that when applied to the tip reduces the differences;
determining joint torques that produce the tip force and the tip torque on the tip of the instrument; and
determining the tensions that produce the joint torques.

10. The system of claim 9 , wherein determining the tip force comprises:
determining a first difference between a current value of a first position coordinate of the tip and a desired value of the first position coordinate of the tip;
determining a first product of the first difference and a first gain factor; and
using the first product in determining a first component of the tip force.

11. The system of claim 10 , wherein determining tip force further comprises:
determining a second difference between a current value of a second position coordinate of the tip and a desired value of the second position coordinate of the tip;
determining a second product of the second difference and a second gain factor, wherein the second gain factor is different from the first gain; and
using the second product in determining a second component of the tip force.

12. The system of claim 9 , wherein determining the tip torque comprises:
determining a first difference between a current value of a first angular coordinate of the tip and a desired value of the first angular coordinates of the tip;
determining a first product of the first difference and a first gain factor; and
using the first product in determining a first component of the tip torque.

13. The system of claim 12 , wherein determining the tip torque further comprises:
determining a second difference between a current value of a second angular coordinate of the tip and a desired value of the second angular coordinate of the tip; and
determining a second product of the second difference and a second gain factor, wherein the second gain factor is set to be different from the first gain factor.

14. The system of claim 9 , wherein determining the tip force comprises:
determining a difference between a component of a current velocity of the tip and a component of a desired velocity of the tip;
determining a product of the difference and a gain factor; and
using the product in determining a component of the tip force.

15. The system of claim 9 , wherein determining the tip force comprises:
determining a difference between an angular velocity of the tip and a desired angular velocity of the tip;
determining a product of the difference and a gain factor; and
using the product in determining a component of the tip force.

16. The system of claim 9 , wherein the joints provide more than six degrees of freedom of motion, including degrees of freedom of motion that are redundant for movement of the tip, and the joint torques are computed to keep the joints away from limits of ranges of motion of the joints or away from joint torque limits.

17. The system of claim 1 , wherein the control system determines the tensions using a process comprising:
using the configuration data to determine joint torques respectively in the joints; and
determining the tensions for the transmission systems using the joint torques.

18. The system of claim 17 , wherein the control system determines the tensions using a process comprising: evaluating the joints sequentially in an order from a distal end of the instrument toward a proximal end of the instrument, wherein evaluating each joint comprises using the joint torques for that joint and tensions determined for joints closer to the distal end of the instrument to determine tensions directly applied to the joint being evaluated.

19. The system of claim 18 , wherein when evaluating each joint, the tension of a transmission system directly applied to the joint being evaluated is chosen to be equal to a nominal value, and the tension or tensions of the remaining transmission systems directly applied to the joint are computed to produce the joint torques for that joint and are verified to be greater than or equal to the nominal value.

20. The system of claim 19 , wherein the nominal value is chosen to effectively release all tension in the transmission system.

21. The system of claim 19 , wherein the nominal value is chosen to effectively keep tension in the transmission systems.

22. The system of claim 17 , wherein determining the tensions using the joint torques comprises:
determining distal tensions

Assignees

• Au Samuel Kwok Wai
• Prisco Giuseppe Maria
• Intuitive Surgical Operations

Inventors

• Au Samuel Kwok Wai
• Prisco Giuseppe Maria

Classifications

• A61B17/29

  Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery · CPC title

• A61B2034/715

  Cable tensioning mechanisms for removing slack · CPC title

• A61B2034/306

  Wrists with multiple vertebrae · CPC title

• A61B34/30 Primary

  Surgical robots · CPC title

• A61B2034/301

  for introducing or steering flexible instruments inserted into the body, e.g. catheters or endoscopes · CPC title