Reliable physical unclonable function for device authentication

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-8971527-B2
Application number	US-201313969730-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Aug 19, 2013
Priority date	Nov 19, 2012
Publication date	Mar 3, 2015
Grant date	Mar 3, 2015

Abstract

A device having a physical unclonable function includes an integrated circuit and a phase change memory embedded in the integrated circuit and including a plurality of cells, where the phase change memory is set in a manner that creates a phase variation over the plurality of cells, and where the phase variation comprises the physical unclonable function. In another embodiment, a device having a physical unclonable function includes a phase change memory embedded in the device and comprising a plurality of cells, where the phase change memory is set in a manner that creates a phase variation over the plurality of cells, and where the phase variation comprises the physical unclonable function, and a measurement circuit for extracting the physical unclonable function from the phase change memory.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A device having a physical unclonable function, the device comprising:
an integrated circuit;
a phase change memory embedded in the integrated circuit and comprising a plurality of cells, wherein the phase change memory is set in a manner that results in a non-uniform phase being exhibited over the plurality of cells, wherein the non-uniform phase is manifested by at least two of the plurality of cells being set to different phases, wherein each of the different phases is one of: fully amorphous, fully crystalline, or between fully amorphous and fully crystalline, and wherein the non-uniform phase comprises the physical unclonable function; and
a measurement circuit for measuring a property of the phase change memory, for deriving a signature having one or more physical unclonable function values, and for deriving a binary key from the signature, wherein the binary key is derived by applying a threshold to the one or more physical unclonable function values for conversion into a binary code.

2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the phase change memory comprises chalcogenide glass.

3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the non-uniform phase comprises a random phase variation over the plurality of cells.

4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the non-uniform phase comprises a variation in a crystallinity of the plurality of cells.

5. The device of claim 1 , further comprising:
a device for applying a programming pulse to the phase change memory.

6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the non-uniform phase results in a distribution of different resistivity values over the phase change memory.

7. A device having a physical unclonable function, the device comprising:
a phase change memory embedded in the device and comprising a plurality of cells, wherein the phase change memory is set in a manner that results in a non-uniform phase exhibited over the plurality of cells, wherein the non-uniform phase is manifested by at least two of the plurality of cells being set to different phases, wherein each of the different phases is one of: fully amorphous, fully crystalline, or between fully amorphous and fully crystalline, and wherein the non-uniform phase comprises the physical unclonable function; and
a measurement circuit for extracting the physical unclonable function from the phase change memory, for deriving a signature from the physical unclonable function, wherein the signature comprises at least one measured value of a property of the phase change memory, and for deriving a cryptographic key from the signature by applying a threshold to the at least one measured value.

8. The device of claim 7 , wherein the phase change memory comprises chalcogenide glass.

9. The device of claim 7 , wherein the non-uniform phase comprises a random phase variation over the plurality of cells

10. The device of claim 7 , wherein the non-uniform phase comprises a variation in a crystallinity of the plurality of cells.

11. The device of claim 7 , further comprising:
a device for applying a programming pulse to the phase change memory.

12. The device of claim 7 , wherein the non-uniform phase results in a distribution of different resistivity values over the phase change memory.

13. The device of claim 7 , wherein the device is a substrate or an integrated circuit.

14. The device of claim 1 , wherein a distribution of the non-uniform phase is unique among devices manufactured in a common batch with the device.

15. The device of claim 1 , wherein the measurement circuit is located within the integrated circuit.

16. The device of claim 1 , wherein the measurement circuit comprises a voltage controlled oscillator, and wherein and oscillation frequency of the voltage controlled oscillator is influenced by at least one of the one or more physical unclonable function values.

17. The device of claim 7 , The device of claim 1 , wherein the measurement circuit comprises a read circuit specific to the phase change memory.

18. The device of claim 1 , wherein the phase change memory is embedded in a front end of the integrated circuit.

19. The device of claim 1 , wherein the phase change memory is deposited in a via in a backend of the integrated circuit.

Assignees

• IBM

Inventors

• Brightsky Matthew J
• Lam Chung H
• Pfeiffer Dirk

Classifications

• G06F21/73 Primary

  by creating or determining hardware identification, e.g. serial numbers · CPC title

• H04L9/06

  the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for block-wise {or stream} coding, e.g. DES systems {or RC4; Hash functions; Pseudorandom sequence generators} · CPC title

• H04L9/3278

  using physically unclonable functions [PUF] · CPC title

• H04L9/0866

  involving user or device identifiers, e.g. serial number, physical or biometrical information, DNA, hand-signature or measurable physical characteristics · CPC title

• H04L9/0816

  Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use · CPC title