Detecting parasitic leakage of electrodes in a sensing system

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2026086638-A1
Application number	US-202519295528-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Aug 8, 2025
Priority date	Sep 24, 2024
Publication date	Mar 26, 2026
Grant date	—

Abstract

Embodiments are directed to systems and methods for using a contact signal to identify and account for parasitic leakage during operation of an electronic device. A test signal is applied to a set of electrodes to generate a contact signal that may be measured by processing circuitry of the device. The presence of extraneous materials between an electrode and a conductive, circuit-connected housing of the electronic device may reduce the amplitude of the contact signal. The device may perform a biological signal measurement based on whether the contact signal level is above a first threshold, thereby indicating an acceptable level of parasitic leakage. The device may also compare the contact signal level to a second threshold that indicates sufficient contact between the user and the electrodes. If the contact signal level is above the first threshold and below the second threshold, the device may perform a biological measurement.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1 . A device, comprising:
a signal electrode; a reference electrode; a signal generator configured to apply a test signal to the signal electrode; and processing circuitry configured to perform a biological signal measurement using the signal electrode and reference electrode, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:
measure a contact signal associated with the biological signal measurement, wherein a contact signal level of the contact signal is measured between the signal electrode and reference electrode while the test signal is applied to the signal electrode;
compare the contact signal level to a first threshold; and
cancel the biological signal measurement when the contact signal level is determined to be below the first threshold.

2 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:
upon determining that the contact signal level is below the first threshold, provide a notification to a user.

3 . The device of claim 1 , wherein canceling the biological signal measurement comprises forgoing commencement of the biological signal measurement.

4 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:
compare the contact signal level to a second threshold, wherein the second threshold is larger than the first threshold; and cancel the biological signal measurement when the contact signal level is determined to be above the second threshold.

5 . The device of claim 1 , comprising a housing, wherein the signal electrode and reference electrode are positioned on a common side of the housing.

6 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the processing circuitry is configured to measure the contact signal prior to commencing the biological signal measurement.

7 . The device of claim 1 , wherein:
the processing circuitry is configured to measure the contact signal during performance of the biological signal measurement; and canceling the biological signal measurement comprises terminating performance of the biological signal measurement.

8 . The device of claim 7 , wherein the processing circuitry is configured to measure the contact signal continuously during performance of the biological signal measurement.

9 . A method for detecting electrode parasitic leakage, comprising:
applying a test signal to a signal electrode; measuring a contact signal associated with a biological signal measurement, wherein the contact signal level of the contact signal is measured between the signal electrode and a reference electrode while the test signal is applied to the signal electrode; determining that the contact signal level is below a first threshold; and canceling the biological signal measurement in response to determining that the contact signal level is below the first threshold.

10 . The method of claim 9 , further comprising:
providing a notification to a user in response to determining that the contact signal level is below the first threshold.

11 . The method of claim 9 , wherein canceling the biological signal measurement comprises forgoing commencement of the biological signal measurement.

12 . The method of claim 9 , wherein:
measuring the contact signal comprises measuring the contact signal during performance of the biological signal measurement; and canceling the biological signal measurement comprises terminating performance of the biological signal measurement.

13 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the method further comprises:
performing an additional measurement of the contact signal associated with a subsequent biological signal measurement; determining that a corresponding contact signal level of the additionally measured contact signal is above a second threshold, wherein the second threshold is larger than the first threshold; and canceling the subsequent biological signal in response to determining that the contact signal level of the additionally measured contact signal is above the second threshold.

14 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the test signal is applied to the signal electrode while the signal electrode is positioned in contact with a wrist of a user.

15 . The method of claim 9 , wherein determining that the contact signal level is below the first threshold includes calculating an average contact signal level and comparing the calculated average contact signal level to the first threshold.

16 . A method, comprising:
applying a test signal to a signal electrode; measuring a contact signal associated with the signal electrode and a reference electrode while the test signal is applied to the signal electrode; determining that a signal level of the contact signal is below a first threshold; and providing a notification to a user in response to determining that the signal level of the contact signal is below the first threshold.

17 . The method of claim 16 , comprising:
canceling a biological signal measurement in response to determining that the signal level of the contact signal is below the first threshold.

18 . The method of claim 17 , wherein:
measuring the contact signal comprises measuring the contact signal during performance of the biological signal measurement.

19 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the test signal is sinusoidal.

20 . The method of claim 16 , wherein determining that the contact signal level is below the first threshold includes calculating an average contact signal level and comparing the calculated average contact signal level to the first threshold.

Assignees

• Apple Inc

Inventors

• Kim Sung H
• Agarwala Rishika
• Mitchell Joshua
• Lam Myles Y
• Lee Seulki
• Ngo Thao T
• Lee Chia-Yeh
• Ha Hyunsoo
• Ahmadi Muhammad
• Shi Justin S

Classifications

• G06F1/163

  Wearable computers, e.g. on a belt · CPC title

• G01R31/2829

  Testing of circuits in sensor or actuator systems (testing of apparatus for measuring electric or magnetic variables G01R35/00; testing of indicating or recording apparatus G01D; in airbag systems B60R21/0173; checking gas analysers G01N33/007; monitoring or fail-safe circuits for electromagnets H01F7/1844) · CPC title

• G06F3/015 Primary

  Input arrangements based on nervous system activity detection, e.g. brain waves [EEG] detection, electromyograms [EMG] detection, electrodermal response detection · CPC title