Fuel cell system including alcohol vaporization components and method of operating the same

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2025105325-A1
Application number	US-202418883766-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Sep 12, 2024
Priority date	Sep 25, 2023
Publication date	Mar 27, 2025
Grant date	—

Abstract

A method of operating a fuel cell system includes vaporizing a liquid fuel in a vaporizer located in a hot box using heat generated by the fuel cell system to form a fuel vapor, and providing the fuel vapor to a stack of fuel cells located in the hot box to generate power.

First claim

1 . A fuel cell system, comprising:
a stack of fuel cells located in a hot box; an anode exhaust conduit configured to receive an anode exhaust generated by the stack; a vaporizer located in the hot box and configured to vaporize a liquid fuel using heat generated by the fuel cell system to form a fuel vapor; and a fuel stream conduit configured to provide the fuel vapor to the stack.

2 . The fuel cell system of claim 1 , wherein the vaporizer comprises a liquid fuel injector configured to inject the liquid fuel into the anode exhaust conduit, such that the anode exhaust vaporizes the liquid fuel.

3 . The fuel cell system of claim 2 , further comprising a liquid fuel heat exchanger configured to preheat the liquid fuel provided to liquid fuel injector using at least a cathode exhaust generated by the stack.

4 . The fuel cell system of claim 3 , further comprising:
a first vaporizer conduit which fluidly connects an outlet of the liquid fuel heat exchanger to an inlet of the liquid fuel injector; and a cathode recuperator heat exchanger configured to cool the cathode exhaust using air provided to the stack before the cathode exhaust is provided to the liquid fuel heat exchanger.

5 . The fuel cell system of claim 1 , further comprising:
an anode recuperator heat exchanger configured to heat the fuel vapor using the anode exhaust before the fuel vapor is provided to the stack; and an anode exhaust cooler heat exchanger configured to receive the anode exhaust from the anode recuperator heat exchanger and to cool the anode exhaust using air provided to the stack.

6 . The fuel cell system of claim 5 , further comprising a second vaporizer conduit that extends through the anode exhaust cooler heat exchanger and is configured to supply the liquid fuel from a liquid fuel source to the liquid fuel injector.

7 . The fuel cell system of claim 6 , wherein:
the liquid fuel injector comprises an injector ring disposed between the anode exhaust cooler and the anode recuperator; the injector ring is fluidly connected to the second vaporizer conduit; and the injector ring is configured to inject the liquid fuel into the anode exhaust that flows in the anode exhaust conduit from the anode recuperator heat exchanger to the anode exhaust cooler heat exchanger.

8 . The fuel cell system of claim 7 , wherein the injector ring comprises injection apertures in a surface thereof and configured to inject the liquid fuel into the anode exhaust.

9 . The fuel cell system of claim 1 , wherein the vaporizer comprises a liquid fuel heat exchanger configured to vaporize liquid alcohol using heat extracted from at least a cathode exhaust generated by the stack.

10 . The fuel cell system of claim 9 , further comprising a mixer configured to mix the fuel vapor output from the liquid fuel heat exchanger with the anode exhaust output from the anode exhaust conduit and to provide the fuel vapor into the fuel stream conduit.

11 . The fuel cell system of claim 9 , further comprising:
an anode recuperator heat exchanger configured to heat the fuel vapor using the anode exhaust before the fuel vapor is provided to the stack; and an anode exhaust cooler heat exchanger configured to receive at least a first portion of the anode exhaust from the anode recuperator heat exchanger and to cool the anode exhaust using air provided to the stack.

12 . The fuel cell system of claim 11 , further comprising an anode tail gas oxidizer configured to receive at least a second portion of the anode exhaust from the anode recuperator heat exchanger and to oxidize the anode exhaust using the cathode exhaust to form a system exhaust comprising the cathode exhaust and an oxidized anode exhaust.

13 . The fuel cell system of claim 12 , further comprising:
a cathode recuperator heat exchanger configured to cool the system exhaust using air provided to the stack; and a cathode exhaust conduit which fluidly connects an outlet of the cathode recuperator heat exchanger to an inlet of the liquid fuel heat exchanger, wherein the liquid fuel heat exchanger is configured to vaporize liquid alcohol using heat extracted from the system exhaust.

14 . The fuel cell system of claim 1 , wherein:
the liquid fuel comprises an alcohol fuel; and the fuel cells comprise solid oxide fuel cells.

15 . A method of operating a fuel cell system, comprising:
vaporizing a liquid fuel in a vaporizer located in a hot box using heat generated by the fuel cell system to form a fuel vapor; and providing the fuel vapor to a stack of fuel cells located in the hot box to generate power.

16 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the step of vaporizing the liquid fuel comprises injecting the liquid fuel into an anode exhaust output from the stack to vaporize the liquid fuel.

17 . The method of claim 16 , further comprising:
preheating the liquid fuel using heat from at least at least a cathode exhaust output from the stack in a liquid fuel heat exchanger; and providing the preheated liquid fuel from the liquid fuel heat exchanger to a liquid fuel injector to inject the liquid fuel into the anode exhaust.

18 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the step of vaporizing the liquid fuel comprises vaporizing the liquid fuel using heat from at least at least a cathode exhaust output from the stack in a liquid fuel heat exchanger.

19 . The method of claim 18 , further comprising:
oxidizing a portion of an anode exhaust output from the stack using the cathode exhaust to form a system exhaust comprising the cathode exhaust and an oxidized anode exhaust; and providing the system exhaust into the liquid fuel heat exchanger to vaporize the liquid fuel.

20 . The method of claim 15 , wherein:
the liquid fuel comprises an alcohol fuel; and
the fuel cells comprise solid oxide fuel cells.

Assignees

• Bloom Energy Corp

Inventors

• Weingaertner David

Classifications

• H01M8/1231 Primary

  with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised · CPC title

• H01M8/1011 Primary

  Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC] · CPC title

• H01M8/04225

  during start-up · CPC title

• H01M8/0662

  Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning · CPC title

• H01M8/04201

  Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes · CPC title