Battery cell vent exhaust manifold system for thermal runaway mitigation

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2024380065-A1
Application number	US-202318313433-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	May 8, 2023
Priority date	May 8, 2023
Publication date	Nov 14, 2024
Grant date	—

Abstract

A battery system includes a plurality of battery cells and a battery system enclosure surrounded by an external environment. The battery system enclosure is configured to house the plurality of battery cells and includes an enclosure tray configured to support the plurality of battery cells and an enclosure cover configured to engage the enclosure tray and seal the battery system enclosure. The battery system also includes an exhaust manifold arranged between the plurality of battery cells and the enclosure cover. The exhaust manifold includes multiple individual gas paths in fluid communication with an exhaust outlet. The gas paths are configured to collect high-temperature gases from each of the plurality of battery cells and guide the high-temperature gases from each of the plurality of battery cells to the exhaust outlet. The exhaust outlet is configured to discharge the high-temperature gases distally from the plurality of battery cells.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1 . A battery system comprising:
a plurality of battery cells; a battery system enclosure surrounded by an external environment, configured to house the plurality of battery cells, and including an enclosure tray configured to support the plurality of battery cells and an enclosure cover configured to engage the enclosure tray and seal the battery system enclosure; and an exhaust manifold arranged between the plurality of battery cells and the enclosure cover and having multiple individual gas paths in fluid communication with an exhaust outlet and configured to collect high-temperature gases from each of the plurality of battery cells and guide the high-temperature gases from each of the plurality of battery cells to the exhaust outlet; wherein the exhaust outlet is configured to discharge the high-temperature gases distally from the plurality of battery cells.

2 . The battery system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of battery cells is organized into a battery module and include a first row of battery cells and an adjacent second row of battery cells.

3 . The battery system of claim 1 , wherein:
the battery system is a battery cell pack; the plurality of battery cells is organized into individual battery modules; the exhaust manifold has a modular construction including exhaust manifold sub-assemblies; and each battery cell module includes a respective exhaust manifold sub-assembly configured to interface with another exhaust manifold sub-assembly corresponding to an adjacent battery cell module.

4 . The battery system of claim 1 , further comprising a temperature-sensitive component arranged inside the battery system enclosure between the plurality of battery cells and the enclosure cover, wherein the exhaust outlet is configured to discharge the high-temperature gases distally from the temperature-sensitive component.

5 . The battery system of claim 1 , wherein the exhaust outlet is arranged either inside the battery system enclosure or in the external environment.

6 . The battery system of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of battery cells is a prismatic cell having a respective cell vent oriented toward the enclosure cover, and wherein the exhaust manifold interfaces with each prismatic cell at the respective cell vent.

7 . The battery system of claim 6 , wherein the exhaust manifold includes gas channels defining the individual gas paths, and wherein the gas channels are fluidly sealed to each of the plurality of battery cells at the corresponding cell vents.

8 . The battery system of claim 1 , wherein the exhaust manifold is mounted to at least one of the plurality of battery cells.

9 . The battery system of claim 8 , wherein the exhaust manifold is one of bolted to and snapped onto the at least one of the plurality of battery cells.

10 . The battery system of claim 1 , wherein the exhaust manifold is constructed from a high-temperature fiber-reinforced thermoplastic.

11 . A motor vehicle comprising:
a power-source configured to generate power-source torque; and a battery system configured to supply electrical energy to the power-source, the battery system including:
a plurality of battery cells;
a battery system enclosure surrounded by an external environment, configured to house the plurality of battery cells, and including an enclosure tray configured to support the plurality of battery cells and an enclosure cover configured to engage the enclosure tray and seal the battery system enclosure; and
an exhaust manifold arranged between the plurality of battery cells and the enclosure cover and having multiple individual gas paths in fluid communication with an exhaust outlet and configured to collect high-temperature gases from each of the plurality of battery cells and guide the high-temperature gases from each of the plurality of battery cells to the exhaust outlet;
wherein the exhaust outlet is configured to discharge the high-temperature gases distally from the plurality of battery cells.

12 . The motor vehicle of claim 11 , wherein the plurality of battery cells is organized into a battery cell module, and wherein the plurality of battery cells includes a first row of battery cells and an adjacent second row of battery cells.

13 . The motor vehicle of claim 11 , wherein:
the battery system is a battery cell pack; the plurality of battery cells is organized into individual battery modules; the exhaust manifold has a modular construction including exhaust manifold sub-assemblies; and each battery cell module includes a respective exhaust manifold sub-assembly configured to interface with another exhaust manifold sub-assembly corresponding to an adjacent battery cell module.

14 . The motor vehicle of claim 11 , wherein the battery system additionally includes a temperature-sensitive component arranged inside the battery system enclosure between the plurality of battery cells and the enclosure cover, and wherein the exhaust outlet is configured to discharge the high-temperature gases distally from the temperature-sensitive component.

15 . The motor vehicle of claim 11 , wherein the exhaust outlet is arranged either inside the battery system enclosure or in the external environment.

16 . The motor vehicle of claim 11 , wherein each of the plurality of battery cells is a prismatic cell having a respective cell vent oriented toward the enclosure cover, and wherein the exhaust manifold interfaces with each prismatic cell at the respective cell vent.

17 . The motor vehicle of claim 16 , wherein the exhaust manifold includes gas channels defining the individual gas paths, and wherein the gas channels are fluidly sealed to each of the plurality of battery cells at the corresponding cell vents.

18 . The motor vehicle of claim 11 , wherein the exhaust manifold is one of bolted to and snapped onto the at least one of the plurality of battery cells.

19 . The motor vehicle of claim 11 , wherein the exhaust manifold is constructed from a high-temperature fiber-reinforced thermoplastic.

20 . A battery system comprising:
a plurality of battery cells, each having respective cell vents; a battery system enclosure surrounded by an external environment, configured to house the plurality of battery cells, and including an enclosure tray configured to house the plurality of battery cells and an enclosure cover configured to engage the enclosure tray and seal the battery system enclosure; and an exhaust manifold arranged between the plurality of battery cells and the enclosure cover and having multiple individual gas paths in fluid communication with an exhaust outlet and configured to collect high-temperature gases from each of the plurality of battery cells at the respective cell vents and guide the high-temperature gases from each of the plurality of battery cells to the exhaust outlet; wherein:
the exhaust manifold is arranged between the plurality of battery cells and the enclosure cover; and
the exhaust outlet is configured to discharge the high-temperature gases distally from the plurality of battery cells.

Assignees

• Gm Global Tech Operations Llc

Inventors

• Hickey Ryan P
• Sherborne Julian R
• Eastman Kenneth M
• Baker Rodney E

Classifications

• H01M50/35

  Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages · CPC title

• H01M10/6566

  Means within the gas flow to guide the flow around one or more cells, e.g. manifolds, baffles or other barriers (H01M10/6565 takes precedence) · CPC title

• H01M10/6556

  Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange (closed pipes H01M10/6552) · CPC title

• H01M10/647

  Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells · CPC title

• H01M10/625

  Vehicles · CPC title