FACILE FABRICATION OF MULTIVALENT VOx/GRAPHENE NANOCOMPOSITE ELECTRODES FOR ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES WITH HIGH ENERGY DENSITY

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2024266122-A1
Application number	US-202218561089-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	May 27, 2022
Priority date	May 28, 2021
Publication date	Aug 8, 2024
Grant date	—

Abstract

Disclosed herein are vanadium active materials, methods of making the same, and energy storage devices comprising the same. The vanadium active material may be incorporated into an electrode with a graphene scaffold, the graphene scaffold having a three-dimensional network of interconnected pores, a first vanadium oxide in a first oxidation state, and a second vanadium oxide in a second oxidation state.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1 . An electrode comprising a graphene scaffold, the graphene scaffold comprising a three-dimensional network of interconnected pores, a first vanadium oxide in a first oxidation state, and a second vanadium oxide in a second oxidation state.

2 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the graphene scaffold comprises an interconnected corrugated carbon-based network (ICCN) having a plurality of expanded and interconnected carbon layers.

3 . The electrode of claim 1 or 2 , wherein the graphene scaffold has a pore size from about 0.1 μm to about 10 μm.

4 . The electrode of any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the graphene scaffold has a pore size from about 0.5 μm to about 5 μm

5 . The electrode of any one of claims 1 to 4 , further comprising a third vanadium oxide in a third oxidation state.

6 . The electrode of any one of claims 1 to 5 , further comprising a fourth vanadium oxide in a fourth oxidation state.

7 . The electrode of any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein the first vanadium oxide comprises Vanadium (III) Oxide (V 2 O 3 ).

8 . The electrode of claim 7 , wherein the concentration of V 2 O 3 in the electrode is from about 60%-80% w/w.

9 . The electrode of claim 7 or 8 , wherein the concentration of V 2 O 3 in the electrode is about 70% w/w.

10 . The electrode of any one of claims 7 to 9 , wherein the V 2 O 3 comprises a rhombohedral corundum-type structure.

11 . The electrode of any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein the second vanadium oxide comprises Vanadium (IV) Oxide (VO 2 ).

12 . The electrode of claim 11 , wherein the concentration of VO 2 in the electrode is from about 5%-25% w/w.

13 . The electrode of claim 11 or 12 , wherein the concentration of VO 2 in the electrode is about 14.3% w/w.

14 . The electrode of any one of claims 1 to 6 , further comprising a third vanadium oxide.

15 . The electrode of claim 14 , wherein the third vanadium oxide comprises Vanadium (II) Oxide (VO).

16 . The electrode of claim 14 or 15 , wherein the concentration of VO in the electrode is from about 5%-25% w/w.

17 . The electrode of any one of claims 14 to 16 , wherein the concentration of VO in the electrode is about 12.6% w/w.

18 . The electrode of any one of claims 1 to 6 , further comprising a fourth vanadium oxide.

19 . The electrode of claim 18 , wherein the fourth vanadium oxide comprises Vanadium (V) Oxide (V 2 O 5 ).

20 . The electrode of claim 18 or 19 , wherein the concentration of V 2 O 5 in the electrode is from about 0.5%-15% w/w.

21 . The electrode of any one of claims 18 to 20 , wherein the concentration of V 2 O 5 in the electrode is about 3.2% w/w.

22 . The electrode of any one of claims 1 to 21 , wherein the electrode exhibits sharp peaks at 24.4°, 33.2°, 36.4°, and 54.2° when analyzed by x-ray powder diffraction.

23 . The electrode of any one of claims 1 to 21 , wherein the electrode exhibits a peak at 514.9 eV when analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

24 . The electrode of any one of claims 1 to 21 , wherein the electrode exhibits a peak at 512.9 eV when analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

25 . The electrode of any one of claims 1 to 21 , wherein the electrode exhibits a peak at 517.9 eV when analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

26 . The electrode of any one of claims 1 to 25 , further comprising non-stoichiometric vanadium oxides.

27 . The electrode of any one of claims 1 to 26 , wherein the total vanadium oxide content is about 93% w/w, and the graphene content is about 6.8% w/w.

28 . The electrode of any one of claims 1 to 27 , wherein any of the vanadium oxides comprises vanadium oxide nanoparticles.

29 . The electrode of claim 28 , wherein the vanadium oxide nanoparticles have a mean particle size ranging from about 10 nm to about 70 nm.

30 . The electrode of claim 28 or 29 , wherein the vanadium oxide nanoparticles have a mean particle size ranging from about 15 nm to about 50 nm.

31 . The electrode of any one of claims 28 to 30 , wherein the vanadium oxide nanoparticles have a mean particle size ranging from about 15 nm to about 30 nm.

32 . The electrode of any one of claims 28 to 31 , wherein the vanadium oxide nanoparticles have a mean particle size ranging from about 20 nm to about 30 nm.

33 . The electrode of any one of claims 28 to 32 , wherein the vanadium oxide nanoparticles have a mean particle size ranging from about 25 nm to about 30 nm.

34 . The electrode of any one of claims 28 to 33 , wherein the vanadium oxide nanoparticles have a mean particle size of about 25 nanometers.

35 . The electrode of any one of claims 28 to 34 , further comprising an interconnected network of vanadium oxide nanoparticles of differing particle size.

36 . The electrode of any one of claims 1 to 35 , wherein the graphene scaffold comprises an oxygen-containing functional group comprising C—O, C—O—C, C═O, or COOH.

37 . The electrode of any one of claims 1 to 36 , wherein the vanadium oxide nanoparticles are anchored to the graphene scaffold.

38 . The electrode of any one of claims 1 to 37 , wherein the vanadium oxide nanoparticles are anchored to the graphene scaffold at the oxygen-containing functional group.

39 . The electrode of any one of claims 28-38 , wherein the vanadium oxide nanoparticles are configured to improve the migration of an electrolyte ion into an active site of the electrode.

40 . The electrode of any one of claims 1 to 39 , wherein the electrode has a specific capacitance ranging from about 200 F/g at a scan rate of 1,000 mV/s to 1,050 at a scan rate of about 10 mV/s.

41 . The electrode of any one of claims 1 to 40 , wherein the electrode has a peak specific capacitance of about 1,110 F/g at a scan rate of about 20 mV/s.

42 . The electrode of any one of claims 1 to 41 , wherein the electrode has a resistance from about 0.2 ohms to about 0.4 ohms.

43 . The electrode of any one of claims 1 to 42 , wherein the electrode has a resistance of about 0.28 ohms.

44 . The electrode of any one of claims 1 to 43 , wherein the mean areal loading of the vanadium oxides is from about 0.05 mg/cm 2 to about 0.75 mg/cm 2 .

45 . The electrode of any one of claims 1 to 44 , wherein the mean areal loading of the vanadium oxides is about 0.3 mg/cm 2 .

46 . The electrode of any one of claims 1 to 45 , wherein the electrode has a thickness of about 5 μm to about 25 μm.

47 . The electrode of any one of claims 1 to 46 , wherein the electrode is about 15 μm thick.

48 . The electrode of any one of claims 1 to 47 , wherein the electrode is a nanocomposite electrode.

49 . An energy storage device comprising: an electrode comprising a graphene scaffold, the graphene scaffold comprising a three-dimensional network of interconnected pores, a first vanadium oxide in a first oxidation state, and a second vanadium oxide in a second oxidation state; and an electrolyte.

50 . The energy storage

Assignees

• Univ California

Inventors

• Huang Ailun
• El-Kady Maher F
• Kaner Richard B
• Li Yuzhang

Classifications

• H01M4/625

  Carbon or graphite · CPC title

• H01M4/48

  of inorganic oxides or hydroxides · CPC title

• H01M4/131

  Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx · CPC title

• H01G11/86

  specially adapted for electrodes (carbonisation or activation of carbon for the manufacture of electrodes H01G11/34) · CPC title

• H01G11/46

  Metal oxides · CPC title