Model predictive battery power limit estimation systems and methods

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2024001799-A1
Application number	US-202318363202-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Aug 1, 2023
Priority date	Oct 31, 2016
Publication date	Jan 4, 2024
Grant date	—

Abstract

Systems and methods for improving operation of an automotive battery system including an automotive electrical system comprising a battery system that uses operational parameters, predicted internal resistance of a battery expected over a prediction horizon, and real-time internal resistance of a battery to increase performance and reliability. The battery system includes a battery electrically coupled to electrical devices in the automotive system, sensors coupled to the batterythat determine terminal voltage of battery, and a battery control system communicatively coupled to sensors. The battery control system determines a charging power limit used to control supply of electrical power to the battery when charging the battery, based on predicted internal resistance when measured terminal voltage of the battery is not greater than a lower voltage threshold and based on a real-time internal resistance of the battery when the measured terminal voltage of the battery is greater than the lower voltage threshold.

First claim

1 - 20 . (canceled)

21 . A battery system comprising:
a battery comprising terminals for electrically coupling to an electrical system; one or more sensors electrically coupled to the battery and configured to determine sensor data indicative of measured operational parameters of the battery, the measured operational parameters comprising a measured terminal voltage; and a battery control system communicatively coupled to the one or more sensors, the battery control system being programmed to:
determine a predicted internal resistance of the battery expected to occur during a prediction horizon;
determine a real-time internal resistance of the battery during the prediction horizon;
when the measured terminal voltage of the battery is less than a lower voltage threshold, determine a charging power limit used to control supply of electrical power to the battery based on the predicted internal resistance; and
when the measured terminal voltage of the battery is greater than the lower voltage threshold, determine the charging power limit based on the real-time internal resistance.

22 . The battery system of claim 21 , wherein the determining the predicted internal resistance occurs when the measured terminal voltage of the battery is less than a lower voltage threshold and wherein the determining the real-time internal resistance occurs when the measured terminal voltage of the battery is greater than the lower voltage threshold.

23 . The battery system of claim 21 , wherein the predicted internal resistance is determined based on operational conditions projected over a prediction horizon.

24 . The battery system of claim 21 , wherein the real-time internal resistance is determined based on the measured terminal voltage of the battery and a battery model that describes a relationship between measured battery parameters and internal resistance of the battery.

25 . The battery system of claim 21 , wherein the battery control system is further programmed to:
control charging of the battery using the charging power limit determined based on the predicted internal resistance when the measured terminal voltage of the battery is less than the lower voltage threshold; and control charging of the battery using the charging power limit determined based on the real-time internal resistance when the measured terminal voltage of the battery is greater than the lower voltage threshold.

26 . The battery system of claim 21 , wherein:
the one or more sensors are configured to determine sensor data indicative of a measured current flow through the battery; and to determine the real-time internal resistance, the battery control system is further programmed to:
determine an open-circuit voltage of the battery; and
determine the real-time internal resistance of the battery based on difference between the measured terminal voltage of the battery and the open-circuit voltage of the battery divided by the measured current flow through the battery.

27 . The battery system of claim 26 , wherein, to determine the open-circuit voltage of the battery, the battery control system is further programmed to:
determine an initial state-of-charge of the battery; determine a current state-of-charge of the battery based on current through the battery between the initial state-of-charge and the current state-of-charge; and determine the open-circuit voltage of the battery based on the current state-of-charge of the battery.

28 . The battery system of claim 26 , wherein, to determine the open-circuit voltage of the battery, the battery control system is further programmed to:
instruct the battery system to electrically disconnect the battery from one or more electrical devices of the electrical system; and determine the open-circuit voltage of the battery based on the measured terminal voltage after the battery is maintained electrically disconnected from the one or more electrical devices a duration greater than a rest duration threshold.

29 . The battery system of claim 21 , wherein:
the one or more sensors are configured to determine sensor data indicative of measured current through the battery; and the battery control system is further programmed to:
determine a predicted current flow through the battery expected to occur during the prediction horizon by projecting the measured current over the prediction horizon;
determine a predicted terminal voltage of the battery expected to occur during the prediction horizon by projecting the measured terminal voltage over the prediction horizon; and
determine the predicted internal resistance expected to occur during the prediction horizon based on the predicted current flow and the predicted terminal voltage.

30 . The battery system of claim 24 , comprising a temperature sensor configured to determine sensor data indicative of temperature of the battery, wherein the battery control system is programmed to adjust model parameters of the battery model based on the temperature of the battery.

31 . An electrical system comprising:
the battery system of claim 21 ; an electrical power source and an electrical load electrically coupled to the terminals of the battery; and an electrical control system communicatively coupled to the battery control system and the electrical power source, wherein the electrical control system is programmed to:
receive an indication of the charging power limit from the battery control system; and
instruct the electrical power source to supply electrical power to the battery in accordance with the charging power limit.

32 . The battery system of claim 31 , wherein the battery control system is programmed to instruct the battery system to electrically disconnect the battery from the electrical load when the measured terminal voltage of the battery exceeds an upper voltage threshold greater than the lower voltage threshold to facilitate improving lifespan of the battery.

33 . A method for controlling charging of a battery in an electrical system, comprising:
determining, using a control system, a measured terminal voltage of the battery based on sensor data received from a first sensor; determining, using the control system, a predicted terminal voltage of the battery expected to occur during a prediction horizon by projecting the measured terminal voltage over the prediction horizon; determining using the control system, a predicted internal resistance of the battery expected to occur during the prediction horizon based on the predicted terminal voltage; determining, using the control system, a real-time internal resistance of the battery based on the measured terminal voltage of the battery and a battery model that relates measured operational parameters to model parameters comprising internal resistance of the battery; when the measured terminal voltage of the battery is less than a lower voltage threshold, determining, using the control system, a charging power limit based on the predicted internal resistance of the battery expected to occur during the prediction horizon; when the measured terminal voltage of the battery is greater than the lower voltage threshold, determining, using the control system, the charging power limit based on the real-time internal resistance of the battery; and instructing, using the control system, an electrical power source to adjust charging power supplied to the battery based on the charging power limit when a target charging power is greater than the charging power limit.

34 . The method of claim 33 , comprising:
determining, using the control system, measured current flow through the battery

Assignees

• Cps Tech Holdings Llc

Inventors

• Jin Zhihong

Classifications

• B60L58/12 Primary

  responding to state of charge [SoC] · CPC title

• B60L58/16

  responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH] · CPC title

• B60L58/15

  Preventing overcharging · CPC title

• B60L50/60

  using power supplied by batteries (in combination with fuel cells B60L50/75) · CPC title

• G06N5/02

  Knowledge representation; Symbolic representation · CPC title