Lithium fluoride-based and related cathode compositions and batteries comprising the same

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2023163345-A1
Application number	US-202218147619-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Dec 28, 2022
Priority date	Jan 18, 2019
Publication date	May 25, 2023
Grant date	—

Abstract

An embodiment is directed to a Li metal or Li-ion battery, including a conversion-type metal fluoride comprising cathode capable of storing and releasing Li ions during battery operation, a conversion-type type or Li metal-type anode capable of storing and releasing Li ions during battery operation, a separator membrane ionically coupling and electronically insulating the cathode and the anode, and a solid electrolyte with a Li transference number in the range from around 0.7 to around 1.0 impregnating at least the cathode, wherein the cathode comprises composite a core-shell particle and has an areal capacity loading that ranges from around 2 mAh/cm2 to around 12 mAh/cm2.

First claim

1 . A Li-ion battery cell, comprising:
a cathode electrode capable of storing and releasing Li ions during battery cell operation; an anode electrode capable of storing and releasing the Li ions during the battery cell operation; a separator membrane ionically coupling and electronically insulating the cathode and the anode; and a polymer-comprising electrolyte composition, wherein the anode electrode comprises a metal-comprising current collector, a conductive additive, and a composite core-shell anode particle, the anode electrode exhibiting an areal capacity loading that ranges from around 2 mAh/cm 2 to around 12 mAh/cm 2 , wherein a core of the core-shell anode particle comprises (i) Si and (ii) a matrix material composition, wherein the polymer-comprising electrolyte composition at least partially coats the composite anode core-shell anode particle as an ionically conductive polymer-comprising shell, and wherein a battery capacity of the Li-ion battery cell is at least about 200 mAh.

2 . The Li-ion battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the battery capacity ranges from around 200 mAh to around 10,000 mAh.

3 . The Li-ion battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the battery capacity is at least about 10,000 mAh.

4 . The Li-ion battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the polymer-comprising electrolyte composition comprises a polymer gel electrolyte.

5 . The Li-ion battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the polymer-comprising electrolyte composition exhibits ultimate tensile strength in a range from around 0.05 MPa to around 500.0 MPa.

6 . The Li-ion battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the polymer-comprising electrolyte composition comprises a linear polymer or a copolymer.

7 . The Li-ion battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the polymer-comprising electrolyte composition comprises one or more filler nanoparticles with a size ranging from around 1 nm to around 100 nm.

8 . The Li-ion battery cell of claim 7 , wherein the one or more filler nanoparticles comprise one or more of: lithium (Li), oxygen (O), sulfur (S), phosphorous (P), aluminum (Al) and, magnesium (Mg).

9 . The Li-ion battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the polymer-comprising electrolyte composition comprises one or more of:
(i) an oxygen (O)-containing polymer, (ii) a nitrogen (N)-containing polymer, (iii) an H-bonding polymer, and (iv) polybutadiene or polybutylene.

10 . The Li-ion battery cell of claim 9 , wherein the polymer-comprising electrolyte composition comprises at least the (i) O-containing polymer.

11 . The Li-ion battery cell of claim 10 , wherein the (i) O-containing polymer comprises one or more of:
polyether, polyester, poly(meth)acrylate, poly(meth)acrylate, and polysaccharide.

12 . The Li-ion battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the polymer-comprising electrolyte composition comprises one or more of:
poly(acrylic) polymer, poly(methacrylic) polymer, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(ethyl acrylate), poly(n-butyl acrylate), poly(t-butyl acrylate), poly(n-butyl methacrylate), poly(t-butyl methacrylate), poly(hexyl acrylate), poly(hexyl methacrylate), poly(cyclohexyl acrylate), poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate), poly(benzyl acrylate), poly(benzyl methacrylate), poly(perfluorobenzyl acrylate), poly(perfluorobenzyl methacrylate), poly((1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)acrylate), poly((1H, 1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)methacrylate), poly(phosphazene), poly(methacrylic acid), poly(acrylic acid), poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate), poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), poly(glycidyl acrylate), poly(glycidyl methacrylate), poly(ethylene glycol acrylate), poly(ethylene glycol methacrylate), poly(acrylamido-) polymer, poly(methacrylamido-) polymer, and styrenic polymer.

13 . The Li-ion battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the polymer-comprising electrolyte composition comprises one or more of:
ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate, divinylbenzene, 1,3,5-trivinyl, trimethyl trisiloxane, N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide, urea-formaldehyde resin, maleimide resin, epoxy resin, polybenzoxazine resin, polyurethane resin, and phenol resins.

14 . The Li-ion battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the polymer-comprising electrolyte composition comprises a gradient, statistical, alternating, graft or block copolymer that is physically blended with or covalently attached to another polymer.

15 . The Li-ion battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the polymer-comprising electrolyte composition comprises a LiPF 6 salt.

16 . The Li-ion battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the polymer-comprising electrolyte composition further comprises a LiBF 4 salt.

17 . The Li-ion battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the polymer-comprising electrolyte composition further comprises a LiN(SO 2 F) 2 (LiFSI) salt.

18 . The Li-ion battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the polymer-comprising electrolyte composition comprises a salt concentration from around 0.1M to around 0.8M or from around 1.2M to around 2.2M.

19 . The Li-ion battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the polymer-comprising electrolyte composition comprises one or more of at least one solvent, the at least one solvent comprising:
an ester, a carbonate, a nitrile, an ether, a sulfone, a phosphorous-based solvent, and a fluorinated solvent.

20 . The Li-ion battery cell of claim 19 ,
wherein the at least one solvent comprises a first solvent and a second solvent, wherein the first solvent exhibits a lower polarity than the second solvent, wherein the first solvent exhibits a first electrolyte salt solubility and the second solvent exhibits a second electrolyte salt solubility, and wherein the first electrolyte salt solubility is around 50 to around 5,000,000 times less than the second electrolyte salt solubility.

21 . The Li-ion battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the anode electrode exhibits a volumetric capacity above around 800 mAh/cc.

22 . The Li-ion battery cell of claim 21 , wherein the anode electrode exhibits a volumetric capacity above around 900 mAh/cc.

23 . The Li-ion battery cell of claim 22 , wherein the anode electrode exhibits a volumetric capacity above around 1000 mAh/cc.

24 . The Li-ion battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the anode electrode comprises at least about 30 at. % of Si.

25 . The Li-ion battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the anode electrode comprises a standalone portion that excludes the metal-comprising current collector and that exhibits a tensile strength in a range from around 0.1 MPa to around 1,000 MPa.

26 . The Li-ion battery cell of claim 25 , wherein the standalone portion exhibits the tensile strength while the anode electrode is in an electrolyte-free state or an electrolyte-filled state.

27 . The Li-ion battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the metal-comprising current collector is porous.

28 . The Li-ion battery cell of claim 1 , wherein a total pore volume of the metal-comprising current collector ranges from around 1 vol. % to around 50 vol. %.

Assignees

• Sila Nanotechnologies Inc

Inventors

• Yushin Gleb
• Gerber Laura
• Clark Matthew

Classifications

• Y02E60/10

  Energy storage using batteries · CPC title

• H01M50/46

  Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes · CPC title

• H01M10/0525 Primary

  Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries · CPC title

• H01M2300/0082

  Organic polymers · CPC title

• H01M4/386

  Silicon or alloys based on silicon · CPC title