Catholytes for solid state rechargeable batteries, battery architectures suitable for use with these catholytes, and methods of making and using the same

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2022328933-A1
Application number	US-202217726440-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Apr 21, 2022
Priority date	Aug 29, 2016
Publication date	Oct 13, 2022
Grant date	—

Abstract

Provided herein are electrochemical cells having a solid separator, a lithium metal anode, and a positive electrode catholyte wherein the electrochemical cell includes a nitrile, dinitrile, or organic sulfur-including solvent and a lithium salt dissolved therein. Also set forth arc methods of making and using these electrochemical cells.

First claim

1 .- 194 . (canceled)

195 . A catholyte comprising,
an organic sulfur-including solvent; and a lithium salt; wherein the organic sulfur-including solvent is selected from ethyl methyl sulfone, dimethyl sulfone, sulfolane, allyl methyl sulfone, butadiene sulfone, butyl sulfone, methyl methanesulfonate, dimethyl sulfite, and combinations thereof; wherein the lithium salt is selected from LiPF 6 , LiBOB, LiTFSi, LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 , LiFSI, LiAsF 6 , LiI, and a combination thereof; and wherein the catholyte is chemically stable when in contact with a solid separator.

196 . The catholyte of claim 195 , further comprising a solvent selected from ethylene carbonate (EC), diethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl-methyl carbonate (EMC), tetrahydrofuran (THF), γ-Butyrolactone (GBL), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), fluoromethyl ethylene carbonate (FMEC), trifluoroethyl methyl carbonate (F-EMC), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)propane (F-EPE), fluorinated cyclic carbonate (F-AEC), propylene carbonate (PC), dioxolane, acetonitrile (ACN), succinonitrile, adiponitrile, hexanedinitrile, pentanedinitrile, acetophenone, isophorone, benzonitrile, dimethyl sulfate, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethyl acetate, methyl butyrate, dimethyl ether (DME), diethyl ether, propylene carbonate, dioxolane, glutaronitrile, and combinations thereof

197 . The catholyte of claim 195 , further comprising ethylene carbonate, wherein the organic sulfur-including solvent is sulfolane, wherein the ethylene carbonate to sulfolane ratio is 3:7 by volume.

198 . The catholyte of claim 195 , wherein the lithium salt is selected from LiPF 6 , LiBOB, LFTSi, and combinations thereof.

199 . The catholyte of claim 195 , wherein the lithium salt is LiPF 6 and is present at a concentration of 0.5 M to 2 M.

200 . The catholyte of claim 195 , wherein the lithium salt is LiTFSI and is present at a concentration of 0.5 M to 2 M.

201 . The catholyte of claims 195 , wherein the catholyte has a lithium transference number of greater than 0.2.

202 . The catholyte of claim 195 , wherein the catholyte has a total ionic conductivity of greater than 1e-4 S/cm at 25° C.

203 . The catholyte of claim 195 , wherein the catholyte further comprises a carbonate solvent.

204 . The catholyte of claim 195 , wherein the organic sulfur-including solvent is stable up to 4.7 V v. Lithium.

205 . The catholyte of claim 195 , wherein the organic sulfur-including solvent is stable down to 1.5 V v. Lithium.

206 . The catholyte of claim 195 , wherein the organic sulfur-including solvent has a total ionic conductivity of greater than 1e-4 S/cm at room temperature.

207 . The catholyte of claim 195 , the lithium salt is selected from LiPF 6 , LiBH 4 , LiBOB, LiBETI, LiTFSi, LiClO 4 , LiFSI, LiAsF 6 , LiI, LiBF 4 , and combination thereof

208 . The catholyte of claim 195 , wherein the lithium salt is LiBF4.

209 . The catholyte of claim 195 , wherein the lithium salt is present in the organic sulfur-including solvent at a concentration of about 5-20 mol %.

210 . The catholyte of claim 195 , wherein a lithium salt is present in the sulfone solvent at a concentration of about 12 mol %.

211 . The catholyte of claim 195 , wherein the lithium salt is present in the sulfone solvent at a concentration of about 4-25 mol %.

212 . The catholyte of claim 195 , wherein a lithium salt is present in the sulfone solvent at a concentration of about 0.5-3.5 M.

213 . The catholyte of claim 195 , wherein the catholyte comprises LiBF4, LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , or a combination thereof

214 . The catholyte of claim 195 , further comprising LiBF 4 or LiN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 .

215 . The catholyte of claim 195 , further comprising an additives selected from VC (vinylene carbonate), VEC (vinyl ethylene carbonate), succinic anhydride, PES (prop-1-ene, 1-3 sultone), tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphite, ethylene sulfate, PBF, TMS (1,3-propylene sulfate), propylene sulfate, trimethoxyboroxine, FEC, and combinations thereof.

Assignees

• Quantumscape Battery Inc

Inventors

• Roberts Greg
• Chen Zhebo
• Hudson Will
• Fasching Rainer
• Ho Tiffany
• Holme Timothy P
• Singh Mohit
• Yang Aram

Classifications

• H01M4/134 Primary

  Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys · CPC title

• H01M50/461 Primary

  with adhesive layers between electrodes and separators · CPC title

• H01M2300/0094

  in the form of layered products, e.g. coatings · CPC title

• H01M2300/0085

  Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte · CPC title

• H01M50/46

  Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes · CPC title