Adjustable deforming composite structure based on hydrogen-induced expansion effect and preparation method therefor

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2022325703-A1
Application number	US-202017622820-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Dec 8, 2020
Priority date	Dec 13, 2019
Publication date	Oct 13, 2022
Grant date	—

Abstract

An adjustable deforming composite structure based on a hydrogen-induced expansion effect and a preparation method therefor are provided. The hydrogen-induced expansion effect means metals absorb hydrogen under a hydrogen-containing atmosphere and at a temperature to produce a volume expansion effect. Reactions between the metals and hydrogen are reversible reactions. When a hydrogen partial pressure is reduced or the temperature is increased, the hydrogen in the metals is removed, and the metals are restored to an original shape. Under a stimulation of external hydrogen and heat, a composite of a hydrogen-absorbing metal and other non-hydrogen-absorbing materials undergo an adjustable deformation according to a design, and a material undergoes reversible shape changes. The preparation method is applied to composite materials for a 4D printing and is used for an intelligent shape adjustment at a medium to high temperature.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1 . An adjustable deforming composite structure based on a hydrogen-induced expansion effect, wherein a composite is composed of a metal and a material, the metal has a hydrogen-absorbing expansion capability, and the material does not have the hydrogen-absorbing expansion capability or has a hydrogen-absorbing expansion capability less than the hydrogen-absorbing expansion capability of the metal under identical conditions.

2 . The adjustable deforming composite structure according to claim 1 , wherein the metal comprises titanium, vanadium, zirconium, hafnium, palladium, rare earth, and alloys of the titanium, the vanadium, the zirconium, the hafnium, the palladium, and the rare earth.

3 . The adjustable deforming composite structure according to claim 1 , wherein the material comprises at least one of carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, copper alloy, titanium-aluminum alloy, superalloy, and refractory alloy.

4 . The adjustable deforming composite structure according to claim 1 , wherein the composite composed of the metal and the material is in a metallurgical bonding at a joint, the metal and the material have a plasticity under a deforming activation with a material elongation of >2%, and there are no macro or micro cracks in the adjustable deforming composite structure when an entire material deforms due to an expansion of the metal.

5 . A deforming activation method for the adjustable deforming composite structure according to claim 1 , wherein a deformation comprises the following steps:
step 1: placing the composite composed of the metal and the material under a hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gas atmosphere, and providing a temperature for the metal to absorb hydrogen, to expand the metal, wherein the metal is a hydrogen absorbing metal, causing the deformation to a whole of the composite to obtain a deformed composite, wherein the deformation of the composite comprises elongation, bending, and twisting, step 2 is required for an object needing to be restored to an original shape after the deformation in the step 1 is completed; step 2: placing the deformed composite obtained in the step 1 under a gas atmosphere without hydrogen or has a low hydrogen content, and providing a temperature for the metal to release hydrogen, to shrink the metal, causing the whole of the composite to be restored to the original shape.

6 . The deforming activation method according to claim 5 , wherein a deformation amount of the composite is controlled by controlling a hydrogen absorption amount of the metal by adjusting a hydrogen content, a hydrogen concentration, or a hydrogen partial pressure under the hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gas atmosphere, or a temperature during the deformation, and the hydrogen content, the hydrogen concentration, the hydrogen partial pressure, or the temperature is determined by physical and chemical properties of the metal.

7 . A method for preparing the adjustable deforming composite structure according to claim 1 , comprising:
preparing the adjustable deforming composite structure by a conventional metal preparation and processing method, the conventional metal preparation and processing method comprising at least one of rolling, forging, extrusion, diffusion welding, friction welding, and explosive cladding; or preparing the adjustable deforming composite structure by a metal thin film preparation method, the metal thin film preparation method comprising at least one of chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition, and electroplating; or preparing the adjustable deforming composite structure by an additive manufacturing method, the additive manufacturing technology comprising at least one of powder-bed laser printing, electron beam selective melting, powder feeding laser or electron beam printing, electron beam freeform fabrication, binder jetting 3D printing, and powder stereolithography.

8 . The method for preparing the composite structure according to claim 7 , further comprising:
additive manufacturing the material on a base under a hydrogen-containing atmosphere to obtain a hydrogen-containing composite structure; or using a hydrogen absorption on the metal as the base, and then additive manufacturing metal on the base under the hydrogen-containing atmosphere, to obtain the hydrogen-containing composite structure; or preparing a thin film of the metal on the material as the base under the hydrogen-containing atmosphere to obtain the hydrogen-containing composite structure; or using the hydrogen absorption on the metal as the base, and then preparing the thin film of the material under the hydrogen-containing atmosphere, to obtain the hydrogen-containing composite structure.

9 . The method for preparing the hydrogen-containing composite structure according to claim 8 , wherein a deformation is implemented by:
placing the hydrogen-containing composite structure under a gas atmosphere without hydrogen or has a low hydrogen content, and providing a temperature for the metal to release hydrogen, to shrink the metal, wherein the metal is a hydrogen absorbing metal, causing the deformation to a whole of the composite to obtain a deformed composite, wherein the deformation of the composite comprises elongation, bending, and twisting; and a repetition of a restoration-deformation process of the deformed composite is controlled by the hydrogen absorption and release.

10 . A method of using the adjustable deforming composite structure according to claim 1 , wherein the adjustable deforming composite structure is used in at least one of the following fields: sealing, fastening, press and release, robots, and intelligent deformable structures.

11 . The deforming activation method according to claim 5 , wherein the metal comprises titanium, vanadium, zirconium, hafnium, palladium, rare earth, and alloys of the titanium, the vanadium, the zirconium, the hafnium, the palladium, and the rare earth.

12 . The deforming activation method according to claim 5 , wherein the material comprises at least one of carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, copper alloy, titanium-aluminum alloy, superalloy, and refractory alloy.

13 . The deforming activation method according to claim 5 , wherein the composite composed of the metal and the material is in a metallurgical bonding at a joint, the metal and the material have a plasticity under a deforming activation with a material elongation of >2%, and there are no macro or micro cracks in the adjustable deforming composite structure when an entire material deforms due to an expansion of the metal.

14 . The method according to claim 7 , wherein the metal comprises titanium, vanadium, zirconium, hafnium, palladium, rare earth, and alloys of the titanium, the vanadium, the zirconium, the hafnium, the palladium, and the rare earth.

15 . The method according to claim 7 , wherein the material comprises at least one of carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, copper alloy, titanium-aluminum alloy, superalloy, and refractory alloy.

16 . The method according to claim 7 , wherein the composite composed of the metal and the material is in a metallurgical bonding at a joint, the metal and the material have a plasticity under a deforming activation with a material elongation of >2%, and there are no macro or micro cracks in the adjustable deforming composite structure when an entire material deforms due to an expansion of the metal.

17 . The method according to claim 10 , wherein the metal comprises titanium, vanadium, zirconium, hafnium, palladium, rare ea

Assignees

• Univ Central South

Inventors

• Zhou Chengshang
• Liu Yong
• Duan Zhongyuan

Classifications

• B33Y80/00

  Products made by additive manufacturing · CPC title

• B33Y10/00 Primary

  Processes of additive manufacturing · CPC title

• C23C14/35

  by application of a magnetic field, e.g. magnetron sputtering {(C23C14/3457 takes precedence)} · CPC title

• F03G7/0613

  using layers of different materials joined together, e.g. bimetals · CPC title

• B32B15/18

  comprising iron or steel {(B32B15/011, B32B15/012 and B32B15/013 take precedence)} · CPC title