Non-flammable electrolyte for energy storage devices

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2022077496-A1
Application number	US-202117472087-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Sep 10, 2021
Priority date	Sep 10, 2020
Publication date	Mar 10, 2022
Grant date	—

Abstract

Provided herein are energy storage devices high energy and power densities, cycle life, and safety. In some embodiments, the energy storage device comprise a non-flammable electrolyte that eliminate and/or reduce fire hazards for improved battery safety, with improved electrode compatibility with electrode materials.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1 . A lithium ion energy storage device comprising:
a) a cathode; b) an anode; and c) a fire resistant electrolyte comprising lactone.

2 . The lithium ion energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the lactone is butyrolactone, valerolactone, or any combination thereof.

3 . The lithium ion energy storage device of claim 2 , wherein the butyrolactone is gamma-butyrolactone, α-methyl-γ-butyrolactone, α-bromo-γ-butyrolactone, delta-valerolactone, or any combination thereof.

4 . The lithium ion energy storage device of claim 2 , wherein the valerolactone is gamma-valerolactone.

5 . The lithium ion energy storage device of claim 2 , wherein the fire-resistant electrolyte further comprises one or more of lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ), 1,3-Dioxol-2-one (VC) or 4-Vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (VEC), or 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (FEP), ethylene carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), and methyl butyrate.

6 . The lithium ion energy storage device of claim 5 , wherein the fire-resistant electrolyte comprises about 30% to about 90% w/w gamma-butyrolactone.

7 . The lithium ion energy storage device of claim 5 , wherein the fire-resistant electrolyte comprises about 5% to about 50% w/w 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (FEP).

8 . The lithium ion energy storage device of claim 5 , wherein the fire-resistant electrolyte comprises about 1% to about 20% w/w lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ).

9 . The lithium ion energy storage device of claim 5 , wherein the fire-resistant electrolyte comprises about 0.1% to about 10% w/w 1,3-Dioxol-2-one (VC) or 4-Vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (VEC).

10 . The lithium ion energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the fire-resistant electrolyte comprises about 0.1% to about 10% w/w lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB).

11 . The lithium ion energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the cathode comprises lithium cobalt oxide.

12 . The lithium ion energy storage device of claim 11 , wherein the cathode comprises one or more of 70% to 99% w/w lithium cobalt oxide, about 0.5% to about 5% w/w polyvinylidine fluoride (PVDF), about 0.1% to about 5% w/w carbon black, or about 0.001% to about 5% w/w graphene.

13 . The lithium ion energy storage device of claim 12 , wherein the graphene comprises a reduced graphene oxide dispersion.

14 . The lithium ion energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the cathode is a nickel:cobalt:manganese cathode.

15 . The lithium ion energy storage device of claim 14 , wherein the cathode comprises Ni:Co:Mn at a ratio of about 5:2:3.

16 . The lithium ion energy storage device of claim 14 , wherein the lithium ion energy storage device is configured as an electric vehicle battery.

17 . The lithium ion energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the cathode is a lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA) cathode.

18 . The lithium ion energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the lithium ion energy storage device is configured to pass a nail penetration test.

19 . A method of forming a mesocarbon microbead electrode, the method comprising:
a) forming a mixture of:
i) mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB);
ii) carbon black;
iii) carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC);
iv) a hydrophilic binder; and
v) water; and
b) coating the mixture onto a substrate.

20 . A method of forming a lithium cobalt oxide electrode, the method comprising:
a) forming a mixture of:
i) lithium cobalt oxide (LCO);
ii) carbon black;
iii) a reduced graphene oxide dispersion;
iv) a hydrophilic binder; and
v) a solvent
b) coating the mixture onto a substrate.

Assignees

• Silq Tech Corporation
• Univ California

Inventors

• El-Kady Maher F
• Mcverry Brian T
• Rao Ethan
• Kaner Richard B

Classifications

• Y02E60/10

  Energy storage using batteries · CPC title

• H01M4/133

  Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx · CPC title

• H01M4/525

  of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy · CPC title

• H01M10/0569

  characterised by the solvents · CPC title

• H01M4/1393

  of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx · CPC title