Battery Including Beta-Delithiated Layered Nickel Oxide Electrochemically Active Cathode Material

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2021167383-A1
Application number	US-202117248650-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Feb 1, 2021
Priority date	May 9, 2017
Publication date	Jun 3, 2021
Grant date	—

Abstract

The invention is directed towards an electrochemically active cathode material for a battery. The electrochemically active cathode material includes a non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide. The non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide has a chemical formula. The chemical formula is LixAyNi1+a−zMzO2.nH2O where x is from about 0.02 to about 0.20; y is from about 0.03 to about 0.20; a is from about 0.02 to about 0.2; z is from about 0 to about 0.2; and n is from about 0 to about 1. Within the chemical formula, A is an alkali metal. The alkali metal includes potassium, rubidium, cesium, and any combination thereof. Within the chemical formula, M comprises an alkaline earth metal, a transition metal, a non-transition metal, and any combination thereof.

First claim

1 .- 25 . (canceled)

26 . A non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide comprising a layered crystal structure, the layered crystal structure characterized by a lattice comprising (a) a plurality of NiO 2 layers and (b) lithium ions and nickel ions located in an interlayer region between adjacent NiO 2 layers, wherein the lattice comprises an ordered O 1 -type layer stacking sequence having an O 3 -type layer stacking fault and a γ-NiOOH-like layer stacking fault, and the non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide has a reduced amount of lithium relative to non-stoichiometric lithium nickelate, Li 1−a Ni 1+a , O 2, wherein 0.02 ≤a ≤0.2.

27 . The non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide of claim 26 , wherein the lattice comprises about 60 to about 95% ordered O 1 -type layer stacking, based on the total layers.

28 . The non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide of claim 27 , wherein the lattice comprises about 85 to about 95% ordered O 1 -type layer stacking, based on the total layers.

29 . The non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide of claim 27 , wherein the lattice comprises about 60 to about 85% ordered O 1 -type layer stacking, based on the total layers.

30 . The non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide of claim 26 , wherein the lattice comprises about 2 to about 5% γ-NiOOH-like layer stacking faults, based on the total layers.

31 . The non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide of claim 26 , wherein the lattice comprises about 2 to about 40% O 3 -type layer stacking faults, based on total layers.

32 . The non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide of claim 31 , wherein the lattice comprises about 2 to about 15% O 3 -type layer stacking faults, based on total layers.

33 . The non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide of claim 31 , wherein the lattice comprises about 15 to about 40% O 3 -type layer stacking faults, based on total layers.

34 . The non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide of claim 26 , wherein the lattice comprises about 60 to about 95% ordered O 1 -type layer stacking, about 2 to about 40% O 3 -type layer stacking faults, and about 2 to about 5% γ-NiOOH-like layer stacking faults, based on the total layers.

35 . The non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide of claim 26 , wherein the beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide comprises a chemical formula Li x A y Ni 1+a−z M z O 2 nH 2 O wherein
x is from about 0.02 to about 0.20; y is from about 0.03 to about 0.20;
a is from about 0.02 to about 0.2;
z is from about 0 to about 0.2;
n is from about 0 to about 1;
A comprises an alkali metal comprising potassium, rubidium, cesium, and any combination thereof; and
M comprises an alkaline earth metal, a transition metal, a non-transition metal, and any combination thereof.

36 . The non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide of claim 35 , wherein z is 0.

37 . The non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide of claim 35 , wherein a is between 0.02 and 0.16.

38 . The non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide of claim 35 , wherein xis between 0.03 and 0.12.

39 . The non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide of claim 35 , wherein y is between 0.08 and 0.13.

40 . The non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide of claim 26 , wherein the beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide has an X-ray diffraction pattern comprising a first peak from about 14.9° 2θ to about 16.0° 2; θ a second peak from about 21.3° 2θ to about 22.7° 2θ; a third peak from about 37.1° 2θ to about 37.4° 2; θ a fourth peak from about 43.2° 2 θ to about 44.0° 2; θ a fifth peak from about 59.6° 2 to about 60.6° 2; θ a sixth peak from about 65.4° 2θ to about 65.9° 20, a seventh peak at from about 10.8° to about 12.0° 2, θ and an eight peak from about 48.1° to about 48.6° 2 θ.

41 . The non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide of claim 26 , wherein the γ-NiOOH-like layer stacking fault comprises a P 3 -type layer stacking sequence.

42 . The non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide of claim 26 , wherein the ordered O 1 -type layer stacking sequence comprises a superimposed ordering of the metal-containing layers wherein two NiO 2 layers separate each interlayer.

43 . An electrochemically active cathode material comprising the non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide of claim 26 .

44 . A battery comprising:
a cathode comprising a conductive additive and an electrochemically active cathode material, the electrochemically active cathode material comprising the non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide of claim 26 ; an anode comprising an electrochemically active anode material, the electrochemically active anode material comprising zinc, zinc alloy, and any combination thereof; a separator between the cathode and the anode; and an alkaline aqueous electrolyte.

45 . The battery of claim 44 , wherein the electrochemically active cathode material comprises the non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide in an amount of at least 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the electrochemically active cathode material.

46 . The battery of claim 44 , wherein the electrochemically active cathode material comprises the non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide in an amount between 10 wt. % and 60 wt. %, based on the total weight of the electrochemically active cathode material.

47 . The battery of claim 44 , wherein the electrochemically active cathode material comprises the non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide in an amount of about 50 wt. %, based on the total weight of the electrochemically active cathode material.

48 . The battery of claim 44 , wherein the electrochemically active cathode material comprises the non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide in an amount of about 20 wt. %, based on the total weight of the electrochemically active cathode material.

49 . The battery of claim 44 , wherein the electrochemically active cathode material further comprises one or more of manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD), chemical manganese dioxide (CMD), high power electrolytic manganese dioxide (HP EMD), lambda manganese dioxide, or gamma manganese dioxide.

50 . The battery of claim 45 , wherein the balance of the electrochemically active cathode material comprises one or more of manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD), chemical manganese dioxide (CMD), high power electrolytic manganese dioxide (HP EMD), lambda manganese dioxide, or gamma manganese dioxide.

Assignees

• Duracell Us Operations Inc

Inventors

• Nelson Jennifer A
• Christian Paul Albert
• Hackney Stephen A

Classifications

• C01G53/82 Primary

  Compounds containing nickel, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing two or more other elements · CPC title

• H01M50/40

  Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells · CPC title

• H01M4/50

  of manganese · CPC title

• H01M4/244

  Zinc electrodes · CPC title

• H01M2300/0014

  Alkaline electrolytes · CPC title