Crossover resistant materials for aqueous organic redox flow batteries

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2021005918-A1
Application number	US-201916980549-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Mar 12, 2019
Priority date	Mar 12, 2018
Publication date	Jan 7, 2021
Grant date	—

Abstract

An organic flow battery having a positive electrode electrolyte containing organic compounds with extended conjugation and/or cyclic side chains is provided. The flow battery includes a positive electrode and a positive electrode electrolyte including first solvent and a first redox couple. The positive electrode electrolyte flows over and contacting the positive electrode. The first redox couple includes a first organic compound and a reduction product of the first organic compound. The flow battery also includes a negative electrode and a negative electrode electrolyte including a second solvent and a second redox couple. The negative electrode electrolyte flows g over and contacts the positive electrode. Typically, an ion exchange membrane is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode Characteristically, the first organic compound resists crossover through the ion exchange membrane.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1 . A flow battery comprising:
a positive electrode; a positive electrode electrolyte including water and a first redox couple, the positive electrode electrolyte flowing over and contacting the positive electrode, the first redox couple including a first organic compound and a reduction product of the first organic compound, a negative electrode; a negative electrode electrolyte including water and a second redox couple, the negative electrode electrolyte flowing over and contacting the positive electrode; and an ion exchange membrane interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein the first organic compound resists crossover through the ion exchange membrane.

2 . The flow battery of claim 1 wherein the first organic compound has extended conjugation.

3 . The flow battery of claim 2 wherein the first organic compound has an extended π system from 5 to 12 π bonds.

4 . The flow battery of claim 1 wherein the second redox couple includes a second organic compound, the first organic compound having a standard electrode potential that is at least 0.3 volts higher than a standard electrode potential for the second organic compound.

5 . The flow battery of claim 4 wherein the first organic compound has a standard electrode potential that is at least 0.1 V positive to the MSE for the positive electrolyte.

6 . The flow battery of claim 5 wherein the second organic compound has a standard electron potential at least 0.1 V negative to the MSE for the negative electrolyte.

7 . The flow battery of claim 1 wherein the first organic compound has formulae 2, 3, 4, or 5:

wherein
m, n, o, p are each independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;
q and r are each independently 0, 1, or 2;
s and t are each independently 0, 1, 3, or 4;
R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 and R 12 are each independently —H, —R′, —NO 2 , —NH 2 , —N(R′R″) 2 , —N(R′R″R′″) 3 + L − , —CF 3 , —CCl 3 , —CN, —SO 3 H, —PO 3 H 2 , —COOH, —CO 2 R′, —COR′, —CHO, —OH, —OR′, —O − M + , —SO 3 − M + , —PO 3 − M + , —COO − M + , —CF 2 H, —CF 2 R′, —CFH 3 , and —CFR′R″ where R′, R″ and R′″ are alkyl or aryl groups;
L is any negatively charged counter ion; and
M is any positively charged counter ion.

8 . The flow battery of claim 1 wherein the first organic compound has formulae 6 or 7:

wherein i and k are each independently 0, 1, or 2;
R 13 and R 14 are each independently —H, —R′, —NO 2 , —NH 2 , —N(R′R″) 2 , —N(R′R″R′″) 3 + L − , —CF 3 , —CCl 3 , —CN, —SO 3 H, —PO 3 H 2 , —COOH, —CO 2 R′, —COR′, —CHO, —OH, —OR′, —O − M + , —SO 3 − M + , —PO 3 − M + , —COO − M + , —CF 2 H, —CF 2 R′, —CFH3, and —CFR′R″ where R′, R″ and R′″ are alkyl or aryl groups;
Y is —(CH2) n , —(CH2OCH2) n , SO, SO 2 , other substituted C 1-12 alkyl chains which may contain double bonds or triple bonds;
L is a negatively charged counter ion; and
M is a positively charged counter ion.

9 . The flow battery of claim 1 wherein the first organic compound has formulae 8 and 9:

wherein a and b are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3;
R 15 , R 16 , R 17 and R 18 are each independently —H, —R′, —NO 2 , —NH 2 , —N(R′R″) 2 , —N(R′R″R′″) 3 + L − , —CF 3 , —CCl 3 , —CN, —SO 3 H, —PO 3 H 2 , —COOH, —CO 2 R′, —COR′, —CHO, —OH, —OR′, —O − M + , —SO3 − M + , —PO3 − M + , —COO − M + , —CF 2 H, —CF 2 R′, —CFH3, and —CFR′R″ where R′, R″ and R′″ are alkyl or aryl groups;
X is —(CH2) n , —(CH2OCH 2 ) n , SO, SO 2 , other substituted C 1-12 alkyl chains which may contain double bonds or triple bonds;
L is a negatively charged counter ion; and
M is a positively charged counter ion.

10 . The flow battery of claim 1 wherein the first organic compound has an acidity greater than the acidity of the ion exchange membrane.

11 . A flow battery comprising:
a positive electrode; a positive electrode electrolyte including water and a first redox couple, the positive electrode electrolyte flowing over and contacting the positive electrode, the first redox couple including a first organic compound and a reduction product of the first organic compound, a negative electrode; and a negative electrode electrolyte including water and a second redox couple, the negative electrode electrolyte flowing over and contacting the positive electrode; and an ion exchange membrane interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein the ion exchange membrane impedes crossover therethrough.

12 . The flow battery of claim 11 wherein the ion exchange membrane has a water content less than about 40 weight percent of the total weight of the ion exchange membrane.

13 . The flow battery of claim 11 wherein the ion exchange membrane has an acid equivalent weights greater than 1100 g/mole of protons.

14 . The flow battery of claim 11 wherein the ion exchange membrane is selected from the group consisting of perfluorohydrocarbon membranes and sulfonated hydrocarbon membranes with an arene or substituted arene backbone

15 . The flow battery of claim 14 wherein sulfonated hydrocarbon membranes are sulfonated polyether-ether ketone, sulfonated polyethersulfone, or polystyrene-sulfonic acid based membranes.

16 . The flow battery of claim 11 wherein the first redox couple including a first organic compound and a reduction product of the first organic compound such that the first organic compound resists crossover through the ion exchange membrane.

Assignees

• Univ Southern California

Inventors

• Narayan Sri R
• Prakash G K Surya
• Nirmalchandar Archith
• Murali Advaith
• Yang Bo
• Krishnamoorthy Sankarganesh
• Hoober-Burkhardt Lena
• Aniszfeld Robert

Classifications

• Y02E60/50

  Fuel cells · CPC title

• H01M8/188 Primary

  by recharging of redox couples containing fluids; Redox flow type batteries · CPC title

• C07C309/32

  containing at least two non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings in the carbon skeleton · CPC title