High Oxidation State Periodate Battery

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2020358074-A1
Application number	US-202016870081-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	May 8, 2020
Priority date	May 9, 2019
Publication date	Nov 12, 2020
Grant date	—

Abstract

The development of a novel battery comprising of high-oxidation-state periodate complex cathode and zinc anode is disclosed. A periodate complex H 7 Fe 4 (IO 4 ) 3 O 8 was prepared by a precipitation reaction between Fe(NO 3 ) 3 and NaIO 4 , and was used in battery development for the first time. NaMnIO 6 double periodate salts were also synthesized from MnSO 4 and NaIO 4 using the same techniques. The H 7 Fe 4 (IO 4 ) 3 O 8 alone showed specific capacity of 300 mAh g −1 ; while NaMnIO 6 showed specific capacity as high as 750 mAh Compared to single-electron processes in conventional cathode reactions, the possibility to significantly enhance cathode specific capacity via a multi-electron process associated with valence change from I(VII) to I 2 is demonstrated. Novel 3D-printed reserve battery casing designs comprising replaceable electrodes also disclosed. Batteries featuring an ion-exchange membrane dual-electrolyte design are disclosed. Periodate based dry cell batteries utilizing polymer electrolytes are also disclosed.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1 . An inorganic battery comprising,
a high-oxidation-state material cathode; a reducing anode, and wherein the cathode and the anode both electrodes; one or more electrolytes that are a chemical medium that separate the electrodes and allows ion movement between the electrodes; and wherein the high oxidation-state-material cathode contains one or more high oxidation state elements with oxidization states of five or higher.

2 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein the high-oxidation-state-material cathode is a solid electrode and the one or more high oxidation state elements takes part in a chemical reaction.

3 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein the high-oxidation-state-material cathode is a periodate complex cathode.

4 . The battery of claim 3 , wherein the periodate complex cathode is an iron(III) periodate complex cathode.

5 . The battery of claim 3 , wherein the periodate complex cathode is a silver periodate complex cathode.

6 . The battery of claim 3 , wherein the periodate complex cathode is a double salt periodate cathode containing a plurality of metals and hydrogen, wherein the plurality of metals take part in an electrochemical process of the battery.

7 . The battery of claim 6 , wherein the double salt periodate cathode is a sodium manganese periodate complex cathode.

8 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein the one or more electrolytes is an aqueous non-flammable electrolyte.

9 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein the one or more electrolytes is an ionic liquid non-flammable electrolyte.

10 . The battery of claim 1 , further includes a battery casing that is 3D printed using a polymer or a metal filament to form desired conformal shapes and sizes.

11 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein the high-oxidation-state-material is selected from a group consisting of an iodate, a periodate, a bromate, a perbromate, a permanganates, a manganate, a chromate, a tungstate, a dichromate, and any combination thereof.

12 . The battery of claim 11 , wherein the high-oxidation-state-material has a non-acid ion metal element that is selected from a group consisting of a nickel, a vanadium, a lead, a copper, a cobalt, a bismuth, an antimony, a tin, a titanium, a mercury, a barium, a chromium, and any combination thereof.

13 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein the high-oxidation-state-material cathode further includes a plurality of conductive carbon nano tubes, and a hydrophilic layer of polymer enhancement.

14 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein the reducing anode is an active metal anode.

15 . The battery of claim 1 , further includes an ion exchange membrane and dual-electrolyte design for electrolyte separation and pH control.

16 . The battery of claim 15 , wherein the electrolyte for the cathode is an acidic electrolyte, and the electrolyte for the anode is a salt or a non-acidic electrolyte.

17 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte is a gel, or a polymer electrolyte, or an organic mixture.

18 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein the chemical medium is a non-liquid and the battery is a dry cell battery containing no free-flow liquids.

19 . A method of making a high oxidation state periodate battery, comprising:
(a) dissolving an electrolyte compound in an amount of water to form a homogenous electrolyte solution; (b) mixing a cathode slurry containing a plurality of solid cathode particles including a periodate, a conductive carbon, a binder, and an amount of water; (c) casting the cathode slurry onto an inert current collector, drying the cathode slurry before laminating a polymer containing a hydrophilic fortification layer to form a cathode assembly; (d) designing and printing a 3D battery casing using an inert filament that is physically and chemically stable with the electrolyte solution; (e) inserting and securing the cathode assembly and a metal anode into the 3D-printed casing, wherein the 3D-printed casing is reusable and the cathode assembly and the anode are replaceable when consumed; and (f) activating the battery by injecting the electrolyte solution before capping the battery for sealing.

20 . A method of making a high oxidation state periodate battery, comprising:
(a) dissolving a cathode electrolyte compound and an anode electrolyte compound in water, respectively to form two electrolyte solutions; (b) mixing a cathode slurry containing a plurality of solid cathode particles including a periodate, a conductive carbon, a binder, and an amount of water; (c) casting the cathode slurry onto an inert current collector, drying the cathode slurry before laminating a polymer fortification layer to form a cathode assembly; (d) placing an anion-exchange-membrane in a center of a battery casing to separate the cathode assembly and the anode electrodes, and sealing sides of the battery casing with a sealant to prevent ion by-passing; (e) inserting and securing the cathode assembly and the anode into the battery casing; and (f) activating the battery by injecting the electrolyte solutions before capping the battery casing for sealing.

Assignees

• New Jersey Inst Technology

Inventors

• Mitra Somenath
• Wang Zhiqian

Classifications

• H01M4/134

  Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys · CPC title

• H01M2300/0005

  Acid electrolytes · CPC title

• H01M4/381

  Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements (H01M4/40 takes precedence) · CPC title

• H01M4/131

  Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx · CPC title

• H01M4/485 Primary

  of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy (H01M4/505, H01M4/525 take precedence) · CPC title