Liquid-infiltrated solid-state electrolyte and rechargeable batteries comprising same

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2020343580-A1
Application number	US-202016856299-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Apr 23, 2020
Priority date	Apr 23, 2019
Publication date	Oct 29, 2020
Grant date	—

Abstract

An embodiment is directed to a solid state electrolyte-comprising Li or Li-ion battery cell, comprising an anode electrode, a cathode electrode with an areal capacity loading that exceeds around 3.5 mAh/cm2, an ionically conductive separator layer that electrically separates the anode and cathode electrodes, and one or more solid electrolytes ionically coupling the anode and the cathode, wherein at least one of the one or more solid electrolytes or at least one solid electrolyte precursor of the one or more solid electrolytes is infiltrated into the solid state Li or Li-ion battery cell as a liquid.

First claim

1 . A solid state electrolyte-comprising Li or Li-ion battery cell, comprising:
an anode electrode; a cathode electrode with an areal capacity loading that exceeds around 3.5 mAh/cm 2 ; an ionically conductive separator layer that electrically separates the anode and cathode electrodes; and one or more solid electrolytes ionically coupling the anode and the cathode, wherein at least one of the one or more solid electrolytes or at least one solid electrolyte precursor of the one or more solid electrolytes is infiltrated into the solid state Li or Li-ion battery cell as a liquid.

2 . The solid state Li or Li-ion battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the at least one solid electrolyte or the at least one solid electrolyte precursor is melt-infiltrated into the solid state Li or Li-ion battery cell.

3 . The solid state Li or Li-ion battery cell of claim 1 , wherein each of the one or more solid electrolytes is solid at room temperature.

4 . The solid state Li or Li-ion battery cell of claim 1 , wherein a temperature of liquid phase infiltration of the at least one solid electrolyte or the at least one solid electrolyte precursor into the solid state Li or Li-ion battery cell ranges from about 50.0° C. to around 700.0° C.

5 . The solid state Li or Li-ion battery cell of claim 4 , wherein the temperature of liquid phase infiltration ranges from about 60.0° C. to around 400.0° C.

6 . The solid state Li or Li-ion battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the at least one solid electrolyte or the at least one solid electrolyte precursor exhibits a melting point in the range from about 70.0° C. to around 350.0° C.

7 . The solid state Li or Li-ion battery cell of claim 1 ,
wherein the anode electrode is infiltrated with a first solid electrolyte with a first composition, wherein the cathode electrode is infiltrated with a second solid electrolyte with a second composition that is different than the first composition.

8 . The solid-state Li or Li-ion battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the one or more solid electrolytes comprise a single solid electrolyte.

9 . The solid-state Li or Li-ion battery cell of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the anode and cathode electrodes comprises conversion-type active material.

10 . The solid-state Li or Li-ion battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the anode electrode comprises particles with an average size in the range from around 0.2 micron to around 40 microns.

11 . The solid-state Li or Li-ion battery cell of claim 10 , wherein the particles comprise active material particles with gravimetric capacity in a discharged state in the range from about 500 mAh/g to around 3600 mAh/g.

12 . The solid-state Li or Li-ion battery cell of claim 10 , wherein the anode electrode comprises Si, Si alloy, Sn, Sn alloy, Li metal, Li alloy, or a combination thereof.

13 . The solid-state Li or Li-ion battery cell of claim 10 , wherein the cathode electrode comprises active material particles with gravimetric capacity in a fully lithiated state in the range from about 260 mAh/g to around 1200 mAh/g.

14 . The solid-state Li or Li-ion battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the solid-state Li or Li-ion battery cell exhibits gravimetric energy density in excess of around 250 Wh/kg and volumetric energy density in excess of around 600 Wh/L.

15 . The solid-state Li or Li-ion battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the anode electrode in a fully discharged state comprises electrically conductive, Li permeable material with internal pores that remain at least partially unfilled with solid electrolyte and are provided to at least partially accommodate volume increase during lithiation upon charging.

16 . The solid-state Li or Li-ion battery cell of claim 15 , wherein the average size of the internal pores ranges from around 0.3 nm to around 20 microns.

17 . The solid-state Li or Li-ion battery cell of claim 1 , wherein some or all of the one or more solid electrolytes exhibit conductivity at 60° C. in the range from around 5·10 −4 S/cm to around 5·10 −2 S/cm.

18 . The solid-state Li or Li-ion battery cell of claim 1 , wherein some or all of the one or more solid electrolytes exhibit a grain size in the range from around 0.0 nm to around 200.0 nm.

19 . The solid-state Li or Li-ion battery cell of claim 1 , wherein some or all of the one or more solid electrolytes exhibit average hardness from around 0.1 GPa to around 3.0 GPa

20 . The solid-state Li or Li-ion battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the one or more solid electrolytes comprise:
(i) one or more lithium metal halides, wherein either Cl or Br or both are present within the one or more lithium metal halides and wherein the one or more lithium metal halides comprise one, two, three, four or more of Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sc, Al, Zn, Ga, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Cd, In, B, Sn, Sb, Si, Ge, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, other lanthanoids, Hf, Ta and Bil, (ii) one or more lithium metal hydrides, wherein in addition to Li and H, the one or more lithium metal hydrides comprise one, two or more of B, Al, Ga, Zn, Zr, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Y, Sc, Ce, La, Ga, Sm, and wherein the one or more solid electrolytes additionally comprise one or more of N, O, Cl, F, Br, I, (iii) one or more solid polymer electrolytes, or (iv) a combination thereof.

Assignees

• Sila Nanotechnologies Inc

Inventors

• Yushin Gleb
• Nitta Naoki
• Roudebush John
• Sendek Austin
• Jhulki Samik

Classifications

• H01M50/46

  Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes · CPC title

• Y02E60/10

  Energy storage using batteries · CPC title

• H01M10/052

  Li-accumulators · CPC title

• H01M10/0562

  Solid materials · CPC title

• H01M4/386

  Silicon or alloys based on silicon · CPC title