Toner Compositions And Processes Having Reduced Or No Titania Surface Additives

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2020310268-A1
Application number	US-201916369126-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Mar 29, 2019
Priority date	Mar 29, 2019
Publication date	Oct 1, 2020
Grant date	—

Abstract

A toner including toner particles comprising at least one resin, in combination with an optional colorant, and an optional wax; and a copolymer toner additive on at least a portion of an external surface of the toner particles, the copolymer toner additive comprising a first monomer having a high carbon to oxygen ratio of from about 3 to about 8; and a second monomer comprising two or more vinyl groups, wherein the second monomer is present in the copolymer in an amount of from greater than about 8 percent by weight to about 60 percent by weight, based on the weight of the copolymer; wherein the copolymer toner additive has a volume average particle diameter of from about 20 nanometers to less than about 70 nanometers. An emulsion aggregation toner process including the copolymer as a toner surface additive.

First claim

1 . A toner comprising:
toner particles comprising at least one resin, in combination with an optional colorant, and an optional wax; and a copolymer toner additive on at least a portion of an external surface of the toner particles, the copolymer toner additive comprising: a first monomer having a high carbon to oxygen ratio of from about 3 to about 8; a second monomer comprising two or more vinyl groups, wherein the second monomer is present in the copolymer in an amount of from greater than about 8 percent by weight to about 60 percent by weight, based on the weight of the copolymer; and a third monomer comprising an amine, wherein the third monomer is present in the copolymer in an amount of up to about 5 percent by weight, based on the weight of the copolymer; and wherein the copolymer toner additive has a volume average particle diameter of about 20 nanometers to about 65 nanometers.

2 . The toner of claim 1 , wherein the copolymer toner additive has a volume average particle diameter of about 20 nanometers to about 60 nanometers.

3 . The toner of claim 1 , wherein the toner is free of titania surface additive.

4 . The toner of claim 1 , wherein the toner contains a titania surface additive in an amount of less than about 1 part per hundred by weight, based upon a total weight of the toner components.

5 . The toner of claim 1 , wherein the toner contains at least one hydrophobic silica surface additive; and wherein the toner is free of titania surface additive; or
wherein the toner contains at least one hydrophobic silica surface additive; and wherein the toner contains a titania surface additive in an amount of less than about 1 part per hundred by weight, based upon a total weight of the toner components.

6 . The toner of claim 1 , wherein the toner further contains at least one hydrophobic silica surface additive and a sol-gel silica surface additive; and
optionally, wherein the sol-gel silica surface additive has a volume average particle diameter of from about 70 to about 250 nanometers.

7 . The toner of claim 1 , wherein the toner further contains a second copolymer toner additive comprising an organic cross-linked surface additive having an average particle size (d50) of from about 70 nanometers to about 250 nanometers in diameter.

8 . The toner of claim 1 , wherein the wherein the copolymer toner surface additive is present in an amount of from about 0.1 part per hundred to about 2 parts per hundred by weight based on 100 parts by weight of base toner particles.

9 . (canceled)

10 . The toner of claim 1 , wherein the first monomer of the copolymer toner additive comprises an aliphatic cycloacrylate selected from the group consisting of cyclohexyl methacrylate, cyclopropyl acrylate, cyclobutyl acrylate, cyclopentyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, cyclopropyl methacrylate, cyclobutyl methacrylate, cyclopentyl methacrylate, isobornylmethacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, and combinations thereof.

11 . The toner of claim 1 , wherein the second monomer of the copolymer toner additive comprises a member of the group consisting of diethyleneglycol diacrylate, triethyleneglycol diacrylate, tetraethyleneglycol diacrylate, polyethyleneglycol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, neopentylglycol diacrylate, tripropyleneglycol diacrylate, polypropyleneglycol diacrylate, 2,2′,-bis(4-(acryloxy/diethoxy)phenyl)propane, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, tetramethylolmethane tetraacrylate, ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, diethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, tetraethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, polyethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, 1,3-butyleneglycol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, neopentylglycol dimethacrylate, polypropyleneglycol dimethacrylate, 2,2′,-bis(4-(methacryloxy/diethoxy)phenyl)propane, 2,2′,-bis(4-(methacryloxy/polyethoxy)phenyl)propane, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, tetramethylolmethane tetramethacrylate, divinyl benzene, divinyl naphthalene, divinyl ether, and combinations thereof.

12 . The toner of claim 1 , wherein the second monomer is divinyl benzene.

13 . The toner of claim 1 , wherein the third monomer of the copolymer toner additive comprises a member of the group consisting of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dipropylaminoethyl methacrylate, diisopropylaminoethyl methacrylate, dibutylaminoethyl methacrylate, and combinations thereof.

14 . The toner of claim 1 , wherein the toner particles comprise emulsion aggregation toner particles.

15 . The toner of claim 1 , wherein the optional wax is present, and wherein the wax is present in an amount of from about 2 to about 15 percent by weight, based upon the total weight of the toner particle composition.

16 . A toner process comprising:
contacting at least one resin; an optional wax; an optional colorant; and an optional aggregating agent; heating to form aggregated toner particles; optionally, adding a shell resin to the aggregated toner particles, and heating to a further elevated temperature to coalesce the particles; adding a surface additive, wherein the surface additive comprises: a first monomer having a high carbon to oxygen ratio of from about 3 to about 8; a second monomer comprising two or more vinyl groups, wherein the second monomer is present in the copolymer in an amount of from greater than about 8 percent by weight to about 60 percent by weight, based on the weight of the copolymer; a third monomer comprising an amine, wherein the third monomer is present in the copolymer in an amount of up to about 5 percent by weight, based on the weight of the copolymer; and wherein the copolymer toner additive has a volume average particle diameter of about 20 nanometers to about 65 nanometers; and optionally, recovering the toner particles.

17 . The process of claim 16 , wherein the toner is free of titania surface additive; or
wherein the toner contains a titania surface additive in an amount of less than about 1 part per hundred by weight based on, based upon a total weight of the toner components.

18 . The process of claim 16 , wherein the toner contains at least one hydrophobic silica surface additive; and wherein the toner is free of titania surface additive; or
wherein the toner contains at least one hydrophobic silica surface additive; and wherein the toner contains a titania surface additive in an amount of less than about 1 part per hundred by weight, based upon a total weight of the toner components.

19 . The process of claim 16 , wherein the toner further contains at least one hydrophobic silica surface additive and a sol-gel silica surface additive.

20 . The process of claim 16 , wherein the toner further contains a second copolymer toner additive comprising an organic cross-linked surface additive having an average particle size (d50) of from about 70 nanometers to about 250 nanometers in diameter.

21 . The toner of claim 1 , further comprising:
at least one hydrophobic silica surface additive; at least one sol-gel silica surface additive; a zinc stearate surface additive; a SrTiO 3 surface additive; and wherein the toner is free of titania surface additive.

22 . The process of claim 16 , wherein the toner further comprises:
at least one hydrophobic silica surface additive; at least one sol-gel silica surface additive; a zinc stearate surface additive; a SrTiO 3 surface additive; and wherein the toner is free of titania surface additive.

Assignees

• Xerox Corp

Inventors

• Veregin Richard P N
• Sriskandha Shivanthi Easwari
• Kurceba David R
• Davis Melanie Lynn
• Vong Cuong

Classifications

• G03G9/08755

  Polyesters · CPC title

• G03G9/09328

  obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds · CPC title

• G03G9/08782

  Waxes · CPC title

• G03G9/0819

  characterised by the dimensions of the particles · CPC title

• G03G9/0825 Primary

  characterised by their structure; characterised by non-homogenuous distribution of components (microcapsular toners G03G9/093) · CPC title