Electrolyte composition and metal-ion battery employing the same

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2020212489-A1
Application number	US-201916706961-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Dec 9, 2019
Priority date	Dec 27, 2018
Publication date	Jul 2, 2020
Grant date	—

Abstract

An electrolyte composition and a metal-ion battery employing the same are provided. The electrolyte composition includes a metal salt of Formula (I), an ionic liquid, and an additive
M i X j   Formula (I),

wherein M can be lithium ion, sodium ion, potassium ion, beryllium ion, magnesium ion, calcium ion, scandium ion, yttrium ion, titanium ion, zirconium ion, hafnium ion, vanadium ion, niobium ion, tantalum ion, chromium ion, molybdenum ion, tungsten ion, manganese ion, technetium ion, rhenium ion, iron ion, ruthenium, osmium ion, cobalt ion, rhodium ion, iridium ion, nickel ion, palladium ion, platinum ion, copper ion, silver ion, gold ion, zinc ion, cadmium ion, mercuric ion, indium ion, thallium ion, tin ion, lead ions, arsenic ions, antimony ions, bismuth ion, gallium ion, or aluminum ion; X − can be F − , Cl − , Br − , I − , BF 4 , PF 6 − , [(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N] − , CF 3 SO 3 − , NO 3 − , CH 3 CO 2 − , SO 4 2− , C 2 O 4 2− , or [B(C 2 O 4 ) 2 ] − ; and i is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and j is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. The additive includes a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 30 nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1 . An electrolyte composition, comprising:
a metal salt, wherein the metal salt has a structure represented by Formula (I)
M i X j   Formula (I),

wherein M is lithium ion, sodium ion, potassium ion, beryllium ion, magnesium ion, calcium ion, scandium ion, yttrium ion, titanium ion, zirconium ion, hafnium ion, vanadium ion, niobium ion, tantalum ion, chromium ion, molybdenum ion, tungsten ion, manganese ion, technetium ion, rhenium ion, iron ion, ruthenium ion, osmium ion, cobalt ion, rhodium ion, iridium ion, nickel ion, palladium ion, platinum ion, copper ion, silver ion, gold ion, zinc ion, cadmium ion, mercuric ion, indium ion, thallium ion, tin ion, lead ion, arsenic ion, antimony ion, bismuth ion, gallium ion, or aluminum ion; X is F − , Cl − , Br − , I − , BF 4 − , PF 6 − , [(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N] − , CF 3 SO 3 − , NO 3 − , CH 3 CO 2 − , SO 4 2− , C 2 O 4 2− , or [B(C 2 O 4 ) 2 ] − ; and, i is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; j is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; an ionic liquid; and an additive, wherein the additive comprises substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 30 nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound.

2 . The electrolyte composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of the metal salt to the ionic liquid is from 1.0 to 2.05.

3 . The electrolyte composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the amount of additive is from 0.05 wt % to 20 wt %, based on the total weight of the metal salt and the ionic liquid.

4 . The electrolyte composition as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the substituted C 5 -C 30 nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound is a C 5 -C 30 nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound which has at least one hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atom of the compound that is replaced with R, wherein R is halogen, cyano group, C 1-10 alkyl group, C 1-10 alkoxy group, C 1-5 aminoalkyl group, —NR 1 R 2 ,

and wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , and R 10 are independently hydrogen or C 1-10 alkyl group.

5 . The electrolyte composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the additive comprises pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, oxazole, isoxazole, thiazole, benzimdazole, pyridine, indole, indoline, carbazole, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, purine, acridine, phenazine, phenothiazine, quinolone, iso-quinolone, pteridine, 1,10-phenanthroline, 1,7-phenanthroline, 4,7-phenanthroline, 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, 4,7-dihydroxy-1,10-phenanthroline, 5,6-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, 5-chloro-1,10-phenanthroline, 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione, 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate, 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrochloride monohydrate, 4-pyridinecarboxylic acid hydrazide, 3-pyridinecarboxylic acid hydrazide, 4-pyridyl hydrazide, 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, 4-methoxypyridine, 3-methoxypyridine, 2-methoxypyridine, 4-aminopyridine, 4-(aminomethyl)pyridine, pyridine-4-carboxamide, pyridine-3-carboxamide, pyridine-2-carboxamide, pyridine-3-carboxylic acid, 8-(4-Dimethylaminophenyl)diazenyl-N,N-diethyl-10-phenylphenazin-10-ium-2-amine chloride (Janus Green B), or a combination thereof.

6 . The electrolyte composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the ionic liquid has a structure represented by Formula (II);
[A] k [B] l   Formula (II)
wherein A is imidazolium cation, pyrrolium cation, pyrrolinium cation, pyrrolidinium cation, pyridinium cation, ammonium cation, indazolium cation, pyrimidinium cation, azaannulenium cation, azathiazolium cation, benzimidazolium cation, benzofuranium cation, benzotriazolium cation, borolium cation, cholinium cation, cinnolinium cation, diazabicyclodecenium cation, diazabicyclononenium cation, diazabicyclo-undecenium cation, dithiazolium cation, furanium cation, guanidinium cation, indolinium cation, indolium cation, morpholinium cation, oxaborolium cation, oxaphospholium cation, oxazinium cation, oxazolium cation, iso-oxazolium cation, oxathiazolium cation, phospholium cation, phosphonium cation, phthalazinium cation, piperazinium cation, piperidinium cation, pyranium cation, pyrazinium cation, pyrazolium cation, pyridazinium cation, quinazolinium cation, quinolinium cation, iso-quinolinium cation, quinoxalinium cation, selenozolium cation, sulfonium cation, tetrazolium cation, iso-thiadiazolium cation, thiazinium cation, thiazolium cation, thiophenium cation, thiuronium cation, triazadecenium cation, triazinium cation, triazolium cation, iso-triazolium cation, or uronium cation; B is F − , Cl − , Br − , I − , BF 4 − , PF 6 − , [(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N] − , CF 3 SO 3 − , NO 3 − , CH 3 CO 2 − , SO 4 2− , C 2 O 4 2− , or [B(C 2 O 4 ) 2 ] − ; and, k is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; 1 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.

7 . The electrolyte composition as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a solvent.

8 . A metal-ion battery, comprising:
a positive electrode; a separator; a negative electrode, wherein the negative electrode is separated from the positive electrode by the separator; and the electrolyte composition as claimed in claim 1 disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

9 . The metal-ion battery as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the positive electrode comprises a positive electrode active material and a positive electrode current-collecting layer.

10 . The metal-ion battery as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the positive electrode current-collecting layer comprises a conductive carbon substrate, a metal material, a metal material with a porous structure, or a combination thereof.

11 . The metal-ion battery as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the positive electrode active material is layered carbon material, layered double hydroxide, layered oxide, layered chalcogenide, vanadium oxide, metal sulfide, or a combination thereof.

12 . The metal-ion battery as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the negative electrode comprises a negative electrode active material.

13 . The metal-ion battery as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the negative electrode active material comprises a metal or an alloy of the metal, layered carbon material, layered double hydroxide, layered oxide, layered chalcogenide, vanadium oxide, metal sulfide, or a combination thereof.

14 . The metal-ion battery as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the metal is sodium, potassium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, scandium, yttrium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium, rhenium, iron, ruthenium, osmium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, gold, zinc, cadmium, mercury, indium, thallium, tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, gallium, or aluminum.

15 . The metal-ion battery as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the negative electrode further comprises a negative electrode current-collecting layer, the negative electrode current-collecting layer comprises a conductive carbon substrate, lithium mesh, lithium foil, lithium foam, sodium mesh, sodium foil, sodium foam, potassium mesh, potassium foil, potassium foam, beryllium mesh, beryllium foil, beryllium foam, magnesium mesh, magnesium foil, magnesium foam, calcium mesh, calcium foil, calcium foam, scandium mesh, scandium foil, scandium foam, yttrium mesh, yttrium foil, yttrium foam, titanium mesh, titanium foil, titanium foam, zirconium mesh, zirconium foil, zirconium foam, hafnium mesh, hafnium foil, hafnium foam, vanadium mesh, vanadium foil, vanadium foam, niobium mesh, niobium foil, niobium foam, tantalum mesh, tantalum foil, tantalum foam, chromium mesh, chromium foil, chromium foam, molybdenum mesh, molybdenu

Assignees

• Ind Tech Res Inst

Inventors

• Chang Che-Wei
• Hsu Chun-Tsung
• Huang Hsiao-Wen
• Pan Ping-I
• Chiang Chien-Chih
• Yang Chang-Chung

Classifications

• H01M2300/0045

  Room temperature molten salts comprising at least one organic ion · CPC title

• H01M2300/0025

  Organic electrolyte · CPC title

• H01M10/054

  Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium · CPC title

• H01M10/0568 Primary

  characterised by the solutes · CPC title

• H01M10/0567

  characterised by the additives · CPC title