High-voltage stable copolymer for constituting a polymer electrolyte for a lithium or sodium cell

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2020203763-A1
Application number	US-201916720519-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Dec 19, 2019
Priority date	Dec 20, 2018
Publication date	Jun 25, 2020
Grant date	—

Abstract

A copolymer for constituting a polymer electrolyte for a solid-electrolyte lithium or sodium cell. A polymer electrolyte that is usable in combination with high-voltage cathode active materials and makes it possible to provide solid-electrolyte lithium or sodium cells and/or batteries having a high energy density that is sufficient even for use in electricity-based vehicles, the copolymer encompasses at least two ion-conductive polymers, the copolymer encompassing at least one polymer polymerized by ring-opening polymerization of at least one lactone and/or of at least one lactide and/or of at least one cyclic carbonate and/or of at least one cyclic carbamate and/or of at least one lactam and/or of at least one epoxide, and/or at least one polymer polymerized by radical polymerization of acrylonitrile and/or of at least one acrylonitrile derivative; and encompasses at least one polyacrylate having at least one repeating unit.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1 . A copolymer for constituting a polymer electrolyte for a lithium or sodium cell, encompassing at least two ion-conductive polymers, the copolymer comprising:
at least one polymer polymerized by ring-opening polymerization of at least one lactone and/or of at least one lactide and/or of at least one cyclic carbonate and/or of at least one cyclic carbamate and/or of at least one lactam and/or of at least one epoxide, and/or at least one polymer polymerized by radical polymerization of acrylonitrile and/or of at least one acrylonitrile derivative; and at least one polyacrylate having at least one repeating unit of the general chemical formula:

wherein a denotes a number of repeating units; R denotes hydrogen or a halogen or fluorine or an alkyl group or a nitrile group or an alkoxy group or an oligo- or polyalkylene oxide group or a silyl group; X denotes a spacer; x denotes a quantity of the spacer X and being 1 or 0; Q denotes a carbonate group or a carboxylic acid ester group or an acetal group or a carbamate group or a lactam group or a nitrile group or an isonitrile group, and a cyanate group or an isocyanate group or a thiol group or a thiocyanate group or an isothiocyanate group or a thiocarbonyl group or a silyl group.

2 . The copolymer as recited in claim 1 , the copolymer having a molecular weight a range from ≥20 kD to ≤200 kD.

3 . The copolymer as recited in claim 1 , wherein the copolymer encompasses at least one polymer polymerized by ring-opening polymerization of at least one lactone and/or of at least one lactide and/or of at least one cyclic carbonate and/or of at least one cyclic carbamate and/or of at least one lactam.

4 . The copolymer as recited in claim 3 , wherein the at least one polymer polymerized by ring-opening polymerization being polymerized by ring-opening polymerization of at least one lactone and/or of at least one cyclic carbonate.

5 . The copolymer as recited in claim 1 , wherein the at least one polymer polymerized by ring-opening polymerization encompasses at least one repeating unit of the general chemical formula

wherein b denotes the number of repeating units; R11 and R12 denote, mutually independently in each case, hydrogen or a halogen, in particular fluorine, or an alkyl group or a nitrile group or an alkoxy group or an oligo- or polyalkylene oxide group or a silyl group; and m denotes a number of CR11R12 units, and wherein m is such that 1≤m≤14.

6 . The copolymer as recited in claim 1 , wherein the at least one polymer polymerized by ring-opening polymerization being polymerized by ring-opening polymerization of at least one caprolactone.

7 . The copolymer as recited in claim 1 , wherein the at least one polymer polymerized by ring-opening polymerization has a highest number of monomers of the polymers of the copolymer, based on a sum of a number of monomers of all polymers of the copolymer, of the monomers in the copolymer constituting the at least one polymer polymerized by ring-opening polymerization.

8 . The copolymer as recited in claim 1 , wherein Q denotes a carbonate group, or a cyclic carbonate group, or an acyclic carbonate group, or a carboxylic acid ester group, or a lactone group, or an acyclic carboxylic acid ester group, or an acetal group, or a cyclic acetal group, or an acyclic acetal group, or a carbamate group, or a cyclic carbamate group, or an acyclic carbamate group, or a nitrile group and/or a silyl group.

9 . The copolymer as recited in claim 1 , wherein Q denotes a cyclic carbonate group or a cyclic acetal group or a lactone group or an acyclic carboxylic acid ester group or an acyclic carbamate group or a nitrile group or a silyl group.

10 . The copolymer as recited in claim 1 , wherein Q denotes a dioxolane group, or a (2-oxo-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)alkyl group, or a (2-oxo-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl) group, or a (1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)alkyl group or (1,3-dioxolan-4-yl) group, or an acetoxy group or an [(alkylamino)carbonyl]oxy group or a nitrile group or a silyl group.

11 . The copolymer as recited in claim 1 , wherein the copolymer encompassing at least one polyacrylate has at least one repeating unit of the general chemical formula

wherein a denotes a number of repeating units; R denotes hydrogen or a halogen or fluorine or an alkyl group or a nitrile group or an alkoxy group or an oligo- or polyalkylene oxide group or a silyl group; R1, R2, and R3 denote, mutually independently in each case, hydrogen or a halogen or fluorine, or an alkyl group or a nitrile group or an alkoxy group or an oligo- or polyalkylene oxide group or a silyl group; and n denotes a number of CR1R2 units, and wherein n is such that 0≤n≤10.

12 . The copolymer as recited in claim 1 , wherein the copolymer encompassing at least one polyacrylate has at least one repeating unit of the general chemical formula

wherein a denotes a number of repeating units; R denotes hydrogen or a halogen or fluorine or an alkyl group or a nitrile group or an alkoxy group or an oligo- or polyalkylene oxide group or a silyl group; R1′ and R2′ denoting, mutually independently in each case, hydrogen or a halogen or fluorine or an alkyl group or a nitrile group or an alkoxy group or an oligo- or polyalkylene oxide group or a silyl group; n′ denotes a number of CR1′R2′ units, wherein n′ is such that 1≤n′≤10.

13 . The copolymer as recited in claim 1 , wherein the copolymer encompassing at least one polyacrylate has at least one repeating unit of the general chemical formula

wherein a denotes a number of repeating units; R denotes hydrogen or a halogen or fluorine or an alkyl group or a nitrile group or an alkoxy group or an oligo- or polyalkylene oxide group or a silyl group; R1″ and R2″ denote, mutually independently in each case, hydrogen or a halogen or fluorine or an alkyl group or a nitrile group or an alkoxy group or an oligo- or polyalkylene oxide group or a silyl group; n″ denotes a number of CR1″R2″ units, and wherein n″ is such that 0≤n″≤10, in particular 0≤n″≤4; and R3′, R3″, and R3′″ denote, mutually independently in each case, an alkyl group.

14 . The copolymer as recited in claim 1 , wherein R denotes hydrogen or an alkyl group or a methyl group or a nitrile group or a silyl group or hydrogen.

15 . The copolymer as recited in claim 1 , wherein the at least one polymer polymerized by radial polymerization of acrylonitrile and/or of at least one acrylonitrile derivative encompasses at least one repeating unit of the general chemical formula

wherein b denotes a number of repeating units; R11′, R12′, and R13′ denotes, mutually independently in each case, hydrogen or a halogen or fluorine or an alkyl group or a nitrile group or an alkoxy group or an oligo- or polyalkylene oxide group or a silyl group.

16 . The copolymer as recited in claim 1 , wherein the copolymer encompasses the general chemical formula

Assignees

• Bosch Gmbh Robert

Inventors

• Armand Michel
• Eitouni Hany Basam
• Zhang Heng
• Castellanos Jose
• Rodriguez Lide
• Joost Mario

Classifications

• Y02E60/10

  Energy storage using batteries · CPC title

• C08G63/08

  Lactones or lactides · CPC title

• C08F2438/01

  Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization [ATRP] or reverse ATRP · CPC title

• C08F293/005

  using free radical "living" or "controlled" polymerisation, e.g. using a complexing agent · CPC title

• C08J2387/00

  Characterised by the use of unspecified macromolecular compounds, obtained otherwise than by polymerisation reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds · CPC title