Electrolyte composition and metal-ion battery employing the same

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2020168954-A1
Application number	US-201916654920-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Oct 16, 2019
Priority date	Nov 27, 2018
Publication date	May 28, 2020
Grant date	—

Abstract

wherein R1, R2, and R3 are independently C1-8 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, C1-8 alkoxy, C2-8 alkoxyalkyl, or C1-8 fluoroalkyl; and X− is F−, Cl−, Br−, or I−. The metal chloride is aluminum chloride, iron chloride, zinc chloride, copper chloride, manganese chloride, chromium chloride, or a combination thereof.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1 . An electrolyte composition, comprising:
a metal chloride, wherein the metal chloride is aluminum chloride, ferric chloride, zinc chloride, cupric chloride, manganese chloride, chromium chloride, or a combination thereof; an imidazolium salt having a structure represented by Formula (I)

wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are independently C 1-8 alkyl, C 2-8 alkenyl, C 2-8 alkynyl, C 1-8 alkoxy group, C 2-8 alkoxyalkyl, or C 1-8 fluoroalkyl; and, X − is F − , Cl − , Br − , or I − ;
an alkali halide; and
an oxalate-containing borate.

2 . The electrolyte composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of the metal chloride to the imidazolium salt is from 1.05 to 1.2.

3 . The electrolyte composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the imidazolium salt is

wherein R 1 is C 1-8 alkyl, C 2-8 alkenyl, C 2-8 alkynyl, C 1-8 alkoxy, C 2-8 alkoxyalkyl, or C 1-8 fluoroalkyl; and, X − is F − , Cl − , Br − , or I − .

4 . The electrolyte composition as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the imidazolium salt is 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium chloride (DMPIC), 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide, 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium bromide, 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium fluoride, 1,2-dimethyl-3-butylimidazolium chloride (DMBIC), 1,2-dimethyl-3-butylimidazolium iodide, 1,2-dimethyl-3-butylimidazolium bromide, 1,2-dimethyl-3-butylimidazolium fluoride, 1,2-dimethyl-3-ethylimidazolium chloride (DMEIC), 1,2-dimethyl-3-ethylimidazolium iodide, 1,2-dimethyl-3-ethylimidazolium bromide, 1,2-dimethyl-3-ethylimidazolium fluoride, or a combination thereof.

5 . The electrolyte composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the alkali halide is lithium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, rubidium chloride, cesium chloride, lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride, rubidium fluoride, cesium fluoride, lithium fluoride, sodium bromide, potassium bromide, rubidium bromide, cesium bromide, lithium iodide, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, rubidium iodide, cesium iodide, or a combination thereof.

6 . The electrolyte composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the weight of the alkali halide to the total weight of the metal chloride and the imidazolium salt is from 1:100 to 6:100.

7 . The electrolyte composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the oxalate-containing borate is

wherein R 4 and R 5 is halogen, or R 4 and R 5 form an oxalate ligand

and, M + is Li + or Na + .

8 . The electrolyte composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the oxalate-containing borate is lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB), sodium bis(oxalato)borate (NaBOB), lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiODFB), sodium difluoro(oxalato)borate (NaODFB), or a combination thereof.

9 . The electrolyte composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the molar amount of the oxalate-containing borate to the total molar amount of the metal chloride and the imidazolium salt is from 0.1:100 to 2:100.

10 . A metal-ion battery, comprising:
a positive electrode; a separator; a negative electrode, wherein the negative electrode and the positive electrode are separated by the separator; and the electrolyte composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte composition is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

11 . The metal-ion battery as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the positive electrode consists of a current-collecting layer of the positive electrode and an active material of the positive electrode.

12 . The metal-ion battery as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the current-collecting layer of the positive electrode is a conductive carbon substrate, a metal material with porous structure, or a combination thereof.

13 . The metal-ion battery as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the active material of the positive electrode is layered carbon material, layered double hydroxide, layered oxide, layered chalcogenide, vanadium oxide, or metal sulfide.

14 . The metal-ion battery as claimed in claim 13 , wherein layered carbon material is natural graphite, electrographite, pyrolytic graphite, foamed graphite, flake graphite, expanded graphite, graphene, carbon nanotube, or a combination thereof.

15 . The metal-ion battery as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the negative electrode comprises an active material of the negative electrode.

16 . The metal-ion battery as claimed in claim 15 , wherein the active material of the negative electrode is a metal, an alloy of the metal, layered carbon material, layered double hydroxide, layered oxide, layered chalcogenide, vanadium oxide, or metal sulfide.

17 . The metal-ion battery as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the metal is copper, iron, aluminum, zinc, indium, nickel, tin, chromium, yttrium, titanium, manganese, or molybdenum.

18 . The metal-ion battery as claimed in claim 16 , wherein layered carbon material is natural graphite, electrographite, pyrolytic graphite, foamed graphite, flake graphite, expanded graphite, graphene, carbon nanotube, or a combination thereof.

19 . The metal-ion battery as claimed in claim 15 , wherein the negative electrode further comprises a current-collecting layer of the negative electrode, the current-collecting layer of the negative electrode is conductive carbon substrate, nickel mesh, nickel foam, molybdenum mesh, molybdenum foam, or a combination thereof.

20 . The metal-ion battery as claimed in claim 10 , the separator is glass fiber, polyethylene, polypropylene, non-woven fabric, wood fiber, poly(ether sulfones), ceramic fiber, or a combination thereof.

Assignees

• Ind Tech Res Inst

Inventors

• Huang Hsiao-Wen
• Hsu Chun-Tsung
• Chang Che-Wei
• Pan Ping-I
• Chiang Chien-Chih
• Yang Chang-Chung

Classifications

• H01M10/0567 Primary

  characterised by the additives · CPC title

• H01M10/054

  Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium · CPC title

• H01M10/0568 Primary

  characterised by the solutes · CPC title

• C07F5/022

  without C-boron linkages · CPC title

• C07D233/58 Primary

  with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring nitrogen atoms · CPC title