Lithium electrochemical generator of the lithium-oxygen or lithium-air type comprising a specific negative electrode material

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2020136135-A1
Application number	US-201916661635-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Oct 23, 2019
Priority date	Oct 29, 2018
Publication date	Apr 30, 2020
Grant date	—

Abstract

A lithium-air or lithium-oxygen electrochemical generator comprising at least one electrochemical cell comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte conducting lithium ions disposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrod wherein the negative electrode comprises, as active material, a lithium and calcium alloy.

First claim

1 . Lithium-air or lithium-oxygen electrochemical generator comprising at least one electrochemical cell comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte conducting lithium ions disposed between said negative electrode and said positive electrode, characterised in that the negative electrode comprises, as active material, a lithium and calcium alloy, the lithium and calcium alloy being a lithium alloy comprising calcium to the extent of 2% to 34% atomic.

2 . Lithium-air or lithium-oxygen electrochemical generator according to claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode consists solely of the active material, which is the lithium and calcium alloy.

3 . Lithium-air or lithium-oxygen electrochemical generator according to claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode is in the form of a sheet or plate having a thickness ranging from 5 to 200 μm.

4 . Lithium-air or lithium-oxygen electrochemical generator according to claim 1 , wherein the lithium and calcium alloy comprises solely lithium and calcium.

5 . Lithium-air or lithium-oxygen electrochemical generator according to claim 1 , wherein the lithium and calcium alloy is a lithium alloy comprising calcium to the extent of 2% to 15% atomic.

6 . Lithium-air or lithium-oxygen electrochemical generator according to claim 1 , wherein the calcium in the lithium and calcium alloy is wholly or partly in the form of CaLi 2 .

7 . Lithium-air or lithium-oxygen electrochemical generator according to claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode is self-supporting.

8 . Lithium-air or lithium-oxygen electrochemical generator according to claim 1 , wherein the positive electrode is an air or oxygen electrode.

9 . Lithium-air or lithium-oxygen electrochemical generator according to claim 1 , wherein the positive electrode comprises:
at least one electron-conducting material; optionally at least one catalyst; and optionally at least one binder.

10 . Lithium-air or lithium-oxygen electrochemical generator according to claim 9 , wherein the electron conducting material is a carbon material chosen from graphite, mesocarbon beads, carbon fibres, carbon black, graphene, carbon nanotubes and mixtures thereof.

11 . Lithium-air or lithium-oxygen electrochemical generator according to claim 9 , wherein the catalyst is:
a catalyst consisting of a transition metal with a degree of oxidation 0, such as cobalt, and more specifically a noble metal with a degree of oxidation 0 such as platinum, gold, palladium, ruthenium or alloys thereof, such as a Pt—Au alloy; a catalyst comprising a simple ruthenium oxide such as RuO 2 , a simple manganese oxide such as MnO 2 or Mn 2 O 3 , a simple iron oxide such as Fe 3 O 4 or Fe 2 O 3 , a simple cobalt oxide such as Co 3 O 4 or a simple copper oxide such as CuO; a catalyst comprising a mixed cobalt oxide such as CoFe 2 O 4 , a mixed manganese oxide such as LaMnO 3 or a mixed nickel oxide such as LaNiO 3 ; or mixtures thereof.

12 . Lithium-air or lithium-oxygen electrochemical generator according to claim 1 , wherein the binder is a polymeric binder.

13 . Lithium-air or lithium-oxygen electrochemical generator according to claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid electrolyte, an ionic liquid, a solid electrolyte or a polymer electrolyte.

14 . Lithium-air or lithium-oxygen electrochemical generator according to claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte is a non-aqueous liquid electrolyte.

15 . Lithium-air or lithium-oxygen electrochemical generator according to claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte is a non-aqueous liquid electrolyte, which comprises:
as solvent(s), one or more organic solvents chosen from carbonate solvents, ether solvents, sulfone solvents, sulfoxide solvents, lactone solvents, lactam solvents, nitrile solvents, fluorinated solvents and mixtures thereof; at least one lithium salt; optionally an additive other than a lithium salt.

Assignees

• Commissariat Energie Atomique

Inventors

• Chavillon Benoît
• Invernizzi Ronan
• Mayousse Eric

Classifications

• H01M2300/0025

  Organic electrolyte · CPC title

• H01M2004/8689

  Positive electrodes · CPC title

• H01M2004/027

  Negative electrodes · CPC title

• H01M12/08

  composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type · CPC title

• H01M12/02

  Details (of electrodes H01M4/00; of non-active parts H01M50/00) · CPC title