Composite electrolytes

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2020067137-A1
Application number	US-201916434117-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Jun 6, 2019
Priority date	Jun 24, 2015
Publication date	Feb 27, 2020
Grant date	—

Abstract

Set forth herein are electrolyte compositions that include both organic and inorganic constituent components and which are suitable for use in rechargeable batteries. Also set forth herein are methods and systems for making and using these composite electrolytes.

First claim

1 . An electrolyte comprising an inorganic material embedded in an organic material; wherein the inorganic material comprises particles of inorganic material which form a percolation network for lithium ion conduction through the electrolyte; wherein the organic material has a lithium conductivity of less than 10 −8 S/cm at 80° C., wherein the inorganic material comprises necked-particles of inorganic material, wherein the inorganic material is a solid state electrolyte, and wherein the solid state electrolyte is an LPS:LiI electrolyte, wherein LPS is a mixture of Li 2 S:P 2 S 5 having a molar ratio from about 10: 1 to about 6:4, and wherein the molar ratio of LPS:LiI is from 95:5 to 70:30.

2 . The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte has a fracture strength of greater than 5 MPa and less than 250 Mpa; and optionally wherein the electrolyte has a fracture strength of 25 to 75 MPa; for example wherein the electrolyte has a fracture strength of 50 MPa; and optionally wherein the electrolyte has a fracture yield strength of 0.1 to 200 MPa; wherein the fracture strength is measured in a ring-on-ring test as specified in the ASTM C1499-09 standard.

3 . (canceled)

4 . The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the organic material is molded around the inorganic material.

5 .- 8 . (canceled)

9 . The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the organic material comprises a functional group selected from a carboxylic acid, an ester, an amide, an amine, a silane, sulfonic acid, a phosphate, a phosphine oxide, a phosphoric acid, an alkoxide, a nitrile, a thioether, thiol, and combinations thereof; or wherein the organic material has polar functional groups.

10 .- 16 . (canceled)

17 . The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the organic material is polymerized around the inorganic material; wherein the organic material is entangled with the inorganic material; or wherein the organic material is entangled with a surface species which is present on the inorganic material.

18 .- 21 . (canceled)

22 . The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte is a solid.

23 .- 32 . (canceled)

33 . The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the organic material is a polymer; optionally wherein one or more component of the organic material is a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyolefins, natural rubbers, synthetic rubbers, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, epoxidized natural rubber, polyisobutylene, polypropylene, polypropylene oxide, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polyesters, polyvinyl esters, polyurethanes, styrenic polymers, epoxy resins, epoxy polymers, poly(bisphenol A-co-epichlorohydrin), vinyl polymers, polyvinyl halides, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethyleneimine, poly(maleic anhydride), silicone polymers, siloxane polymers, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylamide, polychloroprene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyepichlorohydrin, and blends or copolymers thereof; or wherein the polymer is preformed and selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, polyethylene, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, epoxidized natural rubber, poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile), polyethyleneimine, polydimethylsiloxane, and poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate); and wherein the molecular weight of the polymer is optionally greater than 50,000 g/mol.

34 .- 37 . (canceled)

38 . The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the organic material comprises one or more polymerizable or crosslinkable members selected from the group consisting of vinyl esters, acrylates, methacrylates, styrenic monomers, vinyl-functionalized oligomers of polybutadiene, vinyl-functionalized oligomers of polysiloxanes, and mixtures thereof; wherein the organic material comprises one or more crosslinkable members selected from the group consisting of diglycidyl ethers, epoxy resins, polyamines, and mixtures thereof; wherein the organic material comprises one or more polymerizable monomers selected from the group consisting of vinyl esters, acrylates, methacrylates, styrenic monomers; wherein the organic material comprises one or more crosslinkable members selected from the group consisting of diglycidyl ethers, triglycidyl ethers, epoxy resins, polyamines; or wherein the organic material comprises one or more crosslinkable oligomers selected from the group consisting of vinyl-functionalized oligomers of polybutadiene, polysiloxanes, and mixtures thereof.

39 .- 42 . (canceled)

43 . The electrolyte of claim 1 , where the organic material comprises an epoxy resin; or where the organic material comprises an epoxy polymer precursor selected from the group consisting of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA), poly(bisphenol A-co-epichlorohydrin) glycidyl end-capped polymers, diethylenetriamine (DETA) and derivatives thereof, tetraethylenepentamine and derivatives thereof, polyethyleneimine, carboxyl-terminated poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile), amine-terminated poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile), poly(propylene glycol) diglycidyl ether, poly(propylene glycol) bis(2-aminopropyl ether), and combinations thereof; and optionally wherein the organic material comprises an epoxy polymer precursor selected from the group consisting of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA), poly(bisphenol A-co-epichlorohydrin) glycidyl end-capped polymers, diethylenetriamine (DETA) and derivatives thereof, tetraethylenepentamine and derivatives thereof, polyethyleneimine, and combinations thereof.

44 .- 46 . (canceled)

47 . The electrolyte of claim 1 , where the organic material comprises an epoxy polymer of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), and amine-terminated poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile); where the organic material comprises an epoxy polymer of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), and poly(propylene glycol) bis(2-aminopropyl ether); where the organic material comprises a polymer of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) and poly(propylene glycol) bis(2-aminopropyl ether); or where the organic material comprises a polymer of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and diethylenetriamine (DETA); wherein the poly(propylene glycol) bis(2-aminopropyl ether) optionally has a molecular weight (g/mol) of about 100 to 50,000.

48 .- 54 . (canceled)

55 . The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic material has a silane attached to its surface, wherein the silane is selected from trichlorosilanes, trimethoxysilanes, and triethoxysilanes; for example wherein the trichlorosilane is 3-methacryloxypropyltrichlorosilane; for example wherein the trimethoxysilane is 3-acryloxypropyltrichlorosilane; or for example wherein the trimethoxysilane is 7-octenyltrimethoxysilane.

56 .- 62 . (canceled)

63 . The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte is directly in contact with a gel electrolyte.

64 .- 77 . (canceled)

78 . The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte has a total area-specific resistance (ASR) of between 0 and 100 Ω·cm 2 at 45° C.

79 .- 85 . (canceled)

86 . The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises an inorganic material and an organic material in a weight ratio of (inorganic material):(organic material) of at least 1:1 to 99:1.

87 .- 89 . (canceled)

90 . The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the organic material is a polymerizable or cross-linkable monomer.

91 . An electrochemical device comprising an electrolyte of claim 1 .

92 .- 9

Assignees

• Quantumscape Corp

Inventors

• Van Berkel Kim
• Holme Tim
• Singh Mohit
• Mehrotra Amal
• Chen Zhebo
• Kerman Kian
• Hermann Wes
• Hudson William

Classifications

• H01M10/0565 Primary

  Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type · CPC title

• H01M10/0562

  Solid materials · CPC title

• H01G11/56

  Solid electrolytes, e.g. gels; Additives therein · CPC title

• H01M2300/0068

  inorganic · CPC title

• H01M2300/0082

  Organic polymers · CPC title