Monolithic flexible supercapacitors, methods of making and uses thereof

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2020020489-A1
Application number	US-201816483679-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Feb 7, 2018
Priority date	Feb 7, 2017
Publication date	Jan 16, 2020
Grant date	—

Abstract

Disclosed are methods for fabricating supercapacitors (SCs) via vapor printing, specifically oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD). Also disclosed are methods of using the supercapacitors, in particular for energy storage devices and photovoltaics.

First claim

1 . A monolithic flexible supercapacitor, comprising:
(i) a porous substrate; (ii) a gold current collector; (iii) a pseudo-capacitive material; and (iv) an ion gel electrolyte.

2 . The monolithic flexible supercapacitor of claim 1 , wherein the porous substrate is a single substrate.

3 . (canceled)

4 . The monolithic flexible supercapacitor of claim 1 , wherein the porous substrate comprises cellulose filter paper or a porous nylon membrane.

5 . The monolithic flexible supercapacitor of claim 1 , wherein the pseudo-capacitive material is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxthiophene) (PEDOT), poly(pyrrole), poly(thiophene), poly(3-thiopheneacetic acid), or poly(3-thiopheneethanol).

6 . The monolithic flexible supercapacitor of claim 1 , wherein the ion gel electrolyte comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of polydimethylacrylamide (pDMAA), poly[diallyldimethylammonium] bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonamide, and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA); and an ionic liquid selected from the group consisting of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([EMIM] [BE]), and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonamide.

7 . A method for preparing a monolithic flexible supercapacitor of claim 1 , comprising:
(i) applying one or more gold current collectors onto both sides of a porous substrate; (ii) depositing an electrode of a pseudo-capacitive material onto one or more of the gold current collectors; and (iii) drop-casting onto the electrode a homogenous mixture comprising an ionic liquid.

8 . The method of claim 7 , further comprising providing a porous substrate.

9 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the porous substrate is a single substrate.

10 . (canceled)

11 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the substrate comprises cellulose filter paper or a porous nylon membrane.

12 . The method of claim 7 , further comprising covering each side of the substrate with a shadow mask.

13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the shadow masks comprise paper.

14 . The method of claim 12 , further comprising exposing the substrate to an oCVD precursor mixture, wherein said precursor mixture comprises a monomer selected from the group consisting of EDOT, pyrrole, thiophene, 3-thiopheneacetic acid, and 3-thiopheneethanol; and an oxidant selected from the group consisting of iron(III) chloride, copper(II) chloride, bromine, and vanadium oxytrichloride.

15 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the monomer is EDOT; and the oxidant is FeCl 3 .

16 - 19 . (canceled)

20 . The method of claim 7 , further comprising rinsing the substrate with an alcohol solvent.

21 . (canceled)

22 . The method of claim 7 , further comprising treating the substrate with O 2 plasma.

23 . The method of claim 22 , further comprising treating the substrate with (3-mercapto-propyl)-trimethoxusilane/isopropanol solution after the substrate is treated with O 2 plasma.

24 - 28 . (canceled)

29 . The method of claim 7 , wherein step (ii) comprises vapor printing.

30 . The method of claim 29 , wherein the vapor printing is oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD).

31 . (canceled)

32 . The method of claim 7 , wherein pseudo-capacitive material is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxthiophene) (PEDOT).

33 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the homogenous mixture comprises an ionic liquid, a monomer, a crosslinker, and a thermal initiator.

34 . The method of claim 33 , wherein:
the ionic liquid is 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([EMIM][BF 4 ]); the monomer is N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAA); the crosslinker is ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA); and the thermal initiator is 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid) (ABCVA).

35 - 37 . (canceled)

38 . An energy storage device, comprising the monolithic flexible supercapacitor of claim 1 .

39 . A photovoltaic device, comprising the monolithic flexible supercapacitor of claim 1 .

Assignees

• Massachusetts Inst Technology

Inventors

• Liu Andong
• Gleason Karen K
• Kovacik Peter

Classifications

• H01G11/68 Primary

  characterised by their material · CPC title

• H01G11/56

  Solid electrolytes, e.g. gels; Additives therein · CPC title

• H01G11/28

  arranged or disposed on a current collector; Layers or phases between electrodes and current collectors, e.g. adhesives · CPC title

• H01G11/48

  Conductive polymers · CPC title

• H01G11/86 Primary

  specially adapted for electrodes (carbonisation or activation of carbon for the manufacture of electrodes H01G11/34) · CPC title