Method of producing electrochemically stable elastomer-encapsulated particles of anode active materials for lithium batteries

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2019280301-A1
Application number	US-201815914216-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Mar 7, 2018
Priority date	Mar 7, 2018
Publication date	Sep 12, 2019
Grant date	—

Abstract

A method of producing a powder mass for a lithium battery, comprising: (a) mixing an inorganic filler and an elastomer or its precursor in a liquid medium or solvent to form a suspension; (b) dispersing a plurality of particles of an anode active material in the suspension to form a slurry; and (c) dispensing the slurry and removing the solvent and/or polymerizing or curing the precursor to form the powder mass, wherein at least a particulate is composed of one or a plurality of anode particles being encapsulated by a layer of inorganic filler-reinforced elastomer having a thickness from 1 nm to 10 μm, a fully recoverable tensile strain from 2% to 500%, and a lithium ion conductivity from 10−7 S/cm to 5×10−2 S/cm and the inorganic filler has a lithium intercalation potential from 1.1 V to 4.5 V versus Li/Li+.

First claim

We claim:

1 . A method of producing a powder mass of an anode active material for a lithium battery, the method comprising: (a) mixing an inorganic filler material and an elastomer or its precursor in a liquid medium or solvent to form a suspension; (b) dispersing a plurality of particles of said anode active material in the suspension to form a slurry; and (c) dispensing the slurry and removing the solvent and/or polymerizing or curing the precursor to form the powder mass, wherein the powder mass comprises multiple particulates of the anode active material and at least a particulate is composed of one or a plurality of particles of said anode active material being encapsulated by a thin layer of inorganic filler-reinforced elastomer having from 0.01% to 50% by weight of an inorganic filler dispersed in an elastomeric matrix material, wherein said encapsulating thin layer of inorganic filler-reinforced elastomer has a thickness from 1 nm to 10 μm, a fully recoverable tensile strain from 2% to 500%, and a lithium ion conductivity from 10 −7 S/cm to 5×10 −2 S/cm and said inorganic filler has a lithium intercalation potential from 1.1 V to 4.5 V versus Li/Li + .

2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said inorganic filler is selected from oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, sulfides, phosphides, or selenides of transition metals, lithiated versions thereof, and combinations thereof.

3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein said transition metal is selected from Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Pd, Ag, Cd, La, Ta, W, Pt, Au, Hg, combinations thereof, and combinations thereof with Al, Ga, In, Sn, Pb, Sb, or Bi.

4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said inorganic filler is selected from nanodiscs, nanoplatelets, or nanosheets of (a) bismuth selenide or bismuth telluride, (b) transition metal dichalcogenide or trichalcogenide, (c) sulfide, selenide, or telluride of niobium, zirconium, molybdenum, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, titanium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, or any transition metal; (d) boron nitride, and (e) combinations thereof, wherein said nanodiscs, nanoplatelets, or nanosheets have a thickness from 1 nm to 100 nm.

5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said elastomeric matrix material contains a material selected from a sulfonated or un-sulfonated version of natural polyisoprene, synthetic polyisoprene, polybutadiene, chloroprene rubber, polychloroprene, butyl rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, ethylene propylene diene rubber, metallocene-based poly(ethylene-co-octene) elastomer, poly(ethylene-co-butene) elastomer, styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene elastomer, epichlorohydrin rubber, polyacrylic rubber, silicone rubber, fluorosilicone rubber, perfluoroelastomers, polyether block amides, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate, thermoplastic elastomer, protein resilin, protein elastin, ethylene oxide-epichlorohydrin copolymer, polyurethane, urethane-urea copolymer, and combinations thereof.

6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said inorganic filler-reinforced elastomer further contains an electron-conducting filler dispersed in said elastomer matrix material wherein said electron-conducting filler is selected from a carbon nanotube, carbon nanofiber, carbon nanoparticle, metal nanoparticle, metal nanowire, electron-conducting polymer, graphene, or a combination thereof, wherein said graphene is selected from pristine graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, nitrogenated graphene, hydrogenated graphene, doped graphene, functionalized graphene, and combinations thereof and said graphene comprise single-layer graphene or few-layer graphene, wherein said few-layer graphene is defined as a graphene platelet formed of less than 10 graphene planes.

7 . The method of claim 6 , wherein said electron-conducting polymer selected from polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyfuran, a bi-cyclic polymer, a sulfonated derivative thereof, and combinations thereof.

8 . The method of claim 6 , wherein said graphene sheets have a length or width from 5 nm to 5 μm.

9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said anode active material is selected from the group consisting of: (a) silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), bismuth (Bi), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and cadmium (Cd); (b) alloys or intermetallic compounds of Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, Zn, Al, Ti, Ni, Co, or Cd with other elements; (c) oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides, phosphides, selenides, and tellurides of Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, Zn, Al, Ti, Fe, Ni, Co, V, or Cd, and their mixtures, composites, or lithium-containing composites; (d) salts and hydroxides of Sn; (e) lithium titanate, lithium manganate, lithium aluminate, lithium-containing titanium oxide, lithium transition metal oxide; (f) prelithiated versions thereof; (g) particles of Li, Li alloy, or surface-stabilized Li having at least 60% by weight of lithium element therein; and (h) combinations thereof.

10 . The method of claim 9 , wherein said Li alloy contains from 0.1% to 10% by weight of a metal element selected from Zn, Ag, Au, Mg, Ni, Ti, Fe, Co, V, and combinations thereof

11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said anode active material contains a prelithiated Si, prelithiated Ge, prelithiated Sn, prelithiated SnO x , prelithiated SiO x , prelithiated iron oxide, prelithiated VO 2 , prelithiated Co 3 O 4 , prelithiated Ni 3 O 4 , lithium titanate, and combinations thereof,wherein 0≤x≤1, 1≤y≤4.

12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said step of mixing the inorganic filler material and the elastomer or its precursor includes a procedure of chemically bonding the elastomer or its precursor to particles of said inorganic filler material.

13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said step of forming the solution includes (a) sulfonating an elastomer to form a sulfonated elastomer and dissolving the sulfonated elastomer in a solvent to form a polymer solution, or (b) sulfonating the precursor to obtain a sulfonated precursor, polymerizing the sulfonated precursor to form a sulfonated elastomer and dissolving the sulfonated elastomer in a solvent to form said solution.

14 . The method of claim 1 , wherein step (b) includes concurrently or sequentially adding said inorganic filler material and said anode active material particles into said solution to form said suspension.

15 . The method of claim 1 , wherein step (c) includes operating a micro-encapsulation procedure selected from pan-coating, air-suspension coating, centrifugal extrusion, vibration-nozzle encapsulation, spray-drying, coacervation-phase separation, interfacial polycondensation and interfacial cross-linking, in-situ polymerization, matrix polymerization, or a combination thereof

16 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said anode active material is in a form of nanoparticle, nanowire, nanofiber, nanotube, nanosheet, nanoplatelet, nanodisc, nanobelt, nanoribbon, or nanohorn having a thickness or diameter from 0.5 nm to 100 nm.

17 . The method of claim 1 , further including coating said one or a plurality of particles with a layer of carbon disposed between said one or plurality of particles and said inorganic filler-reinforced elastomer layer.

18 . The method of claim 1 , further includes dispersing particles of a graphite or carbon material in said slurry in such a manner that said particulate further contains particles of said graphite or carbon material encapsulated therein.

19 . The method of claim

Assignees

• Nanotek Instruments Inc

Inventors

• Pan Baofei
• He Hui
• Zhamu Aruna
• Jang Bor Z

Classifications

• H01M4/387

  Tin or alloys based on tin · CPC title

• H01M4/139

  Processes of manufacture · CPC title

• H01M4/386

  Silicon or alloys based on silicon · CPC title

• H01M4/405

  Alloys based on lithium · CPC title

• H01M4/366

  as layered products · CPC title