Ion insertion battery electrode and method of fabricating same

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2019157657-A1
Application number	US-201916238455-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Jan 2, 2019
Priority date	Jul 4, 2016
Publication date	May 23, 2019
Grant date	—

Abstract

The disclosed technology relates to electrode layers of ion insertion type batteries and to electrode layer materials, wherein the electrode layer materials have a good electronic conductivity and a good ion conductivity, and wherein the electrode layers offer a good rate performance and a high storage capacity. The disclosed technology further relates to ion insertion type battery cells and batteries including such electrode layers, e.g., as an anode. The disclosed technology further relates to methods of forming such electrode layers and to methods for fabricating ion insertion type battery cells and batteries. The electrode layers according to the disclosed technology comprise titanium oxide comprising chlorine and may be deposited by atomic layer deposition at temperatures lower than 150° C.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1 . A negative electrode of an ion insertion battery cell comprising a negative electrode layer, wherein the negative electrode layer comprises a material formed of titanium oxide comprising chlorine, wherein the titanium oxide comprising chlorine comprises an amorphous titanium oxide comprising chlorine or a mixture comprising the amorphous titanium oxide comprising chlorine and a crystalline titanium oxide comprising chlorine.

2 . The negative electrode according to claim 1 , wherein a ratio of chlorine to titanium in the negative electrode layer is from 0.01 to 0.1, when measured by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry.

3 . The negative electrode according to claim 2 , wherein the ratio of chlorine to titanium in the negative electrode layer is from 0.06 to 0.09.

4 . The negative electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the titanium oxide comprising chlorine has the formula TiO 2-y Cl y , wherein y is from 0.01 to 0.1.

5 . The negative electrode according to claim 4 , wherein the y is from 0.06 to 0.09.

6 . The negative electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode layer has a thickness between 5 nm and 2 μm.

7 . The negative electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode layer is a thin-film electrode layer.

8 . The negative electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode layer is a particle-based electrode layer.

9 . An ion insertion battery cell comprising the negative electrode according to claim 1 .

10 . An ion insertion battery comprising at least one of the ion insertion battery cell according to claim 9 .

11 . A method of forming a negative electrode of an ion insertion battery cell, the method comprising:
depositing a thin film of titanium oxide comprising chloride on a substrate by an atomic layer deposition process using TiCl 4 and H 2 O as precursors at a deposition temperature between 50° C. and 150° C., wherein depositing is such that the titanium oxide comprising chlorine comprises an amorphous titanium oxide comprising chlorine or a mixture comprising the amorphous titanium oxide comprising chlorine and a crystalline titanium oxide comprising chlorine.

12 . The method according to claim 11 , wherein depositing the thin film of titanium oxide comprises depositing the thin film on a non-planar substrate.

13 . A method of fabricating an ion insertion battery cell, wherein the method comprises forming the negative electrode according to the method of claim 11 .

14 . The method of fabricating the ion insertion battery cell according to claim 12 , wherein forming the negative electrode comprises depositing the thin film titanium oxide comprising chlorine on a layer stack comprising a positive electrode layer and an electrolyte layer.

15 . A method for fabricating an ion insertion battery comprising at least one ion insertion battery cell, the method comprising fabricating the at least one ion insertion battery cell according to the method of claim 12 .

16 . The method according to claim 14 , wherein the electrolyte layer comprises one or both of LiPON and Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 .

17 . The negative electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode is obtained by depositing a thin film of titanium oxide comprising chlorine on a substrate by performing an atomic layer deposition process using TiCl 4 and H 2 O precursors at a deposition temperature in the range between 50° C. and 150° C., the titanium oxide comprising chlorine being either amorphous or a mixture of an amorphous titanium oxide comprising chlorine and a crystalline titanium oxide comprising chlorine.

18 . The method according to claim 11 , further comprising annealing the titanium oxide comprising chlorine at about 300° C. to transform the negative electrode layers into a crystalline state.

19 . The method according to claim 11 , wherein the titanium oxide comprising chlorine is amorphous, and the amorphous titanium oxide comprising chlorine does not crystallize.

Assignees

• Imec Vzw
• Univ Leuven Kath
• Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast Natuurweten Onderzoek Tno

Inventors

• Moitzheim Sebastien
• Vereecken Philippe
• Poodt Paul
• Balder Joan Elisabeth

Classifications

• H01M4/131 Primary

  Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx · CPC title

• H01M2004/027

  Negative electrodes · CPC title

• H01M10/0525

  Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries · CPC title

• H01M4/0471

  involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis · CPC title

• H01M4/485

  of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy (H01M4/505, H01M4/525 take precedence) · CPC title