Silicon-based anode material for lithium ion battery

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2019081316-A1
Application number	US-201816130778-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Sep 13, 2018
Priority date	Sep 13, 2017
Publication date	Mar 14, 2019
Grant date	—

Abstract

A porous reduced silica fiber material has a diameter of about 0.1 to about 20 microns and a surface area of about 5 m2/g to about 400 m2/g. The porous reduced fiber material may be used to form an electrode having a high capacity and improved cycle life over comparable commercial silicon electrodes.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1 . A porous reduced silica fiber material having a diameter of about 0.1 to about 20 microns and a surface area of about 5 m 2 /g to about 400 m 2 /g.

2 . The porous reduced silica fiber material of claim 1 , comprising silicon, silicon monoxide, and silica, wherein the silicon is present in an amount of greater than about 20 weight percent.

3 . The porous reduced silica fiber material of claim 1 , having a diameter of about 2 to about 15 microns.

4 . The porous reduced silica fiber material of claim 1 , having a surface area of about 30 m 2 /g to about 300 m 2 /g.

5 . The porous reduced silica fiber material of claim 1 , having a porosity of about 0.01 cm 3 /g to about 1.5 cm 3 /g.

6 . The porous reduced silica fiber material of claim 1 , having a median pore diameter of about 1 nm to about 90 nm.

7 . The porous reduced silica fiber material of claim 1 , having pore diameters of about 0.1 run to about 150 nm.

8 . The porous reduced silica fiber material of claim 7 , having pore diameters of about 1 to about 100 nm.

9 . A process for producing the porous reduced silica fiber material of claim 1 , comprising:
providing a solution comprising a silica precursor, a polymer, and a surface active agent; fiberizing the solution to produce fibers; heating the fibers to produce silica-based precursor fibers; subjecting the silica-based precursor fibers to a magnesiothermic reduction to remove at least some oxygen from the silica-based precursor fibers and to produce reduced silica fibers; and washing the reduced silica fibers in an acid to remove magnesium-bearing reaction products and to produce the porous reduced silica fiber material.

10 . A process for producing the porous reduced silica fiber material of claim 1 , comprising:
providing a melt comprising silica (SiO 2 ) and at least one of sodium oxide (Na 2 O), boron trioxide (B 2 O 3 ), lithium oxide (Li 2 O), calcium oxide (CaO) and magnesia (MgO); fiberizing the melt to produce fibers; treating the fibers to remove non-silica components and produce silica-based precursor fibers; subjecting the silica-based precursor fibers to a magnesiothermic reduction to remove at least some oxygen from the silica-based precursor fibers and to produce reduced silica fibers; and washing the reduced silica fibers in an acid to remove magnesium-bearing reaction products and to produce the porous reduced silica fiber material.

11 . A battery electrode comprising a binder and the porous reduced silica fiber material of claim 1 .

12 . The battery electrode of claim 11 , having a Coulombic efficiency of about 30% to about 100%.

13 . The battery electrode of claim 11 , having a capacity ratio C3/C1 of about 0.4 to about 1.0.

14 . The battery electrode of claim 11 , having a capacity ratio C10/C1 of about 0.1 to about 1.0.

15 . A lithium ion battery comprising the electrode of claim 11 .

16 . A porous reduced silica fiber material having a diameter of about 0.1 to about 20 microns, a surface area of about 5 m 2 /g to about 400 m 2 /g, and substantially free of silicon dioxide.

17 . The porous reduced silica fiber material of claim 16 , having a surface area of about 30 m 2 /g to about 300 m 2 /g.

18 . The porous reduced silica fiber material of claim 16 , having a porosity of about 0.01 cm 3 /g to about 1.5 cm 3 /g.

19 . The porous reduced silica fiber material of claim 16 , having a median pore diameter of about 1 nm to about 90 nm.

20 . A battery electrode comprising a binder and the porous reduced silica fiber material of claim 16 .

21 . A lithium ion battery comprising the electrode of claim 20 .

22 . A porous mixed metal oxide fiber material having a diameter of about 0.1 to about 20 microns and a surface area of about 5 m 2 /g to about 400 m 2 /g.

23 . The porous mixed metal oxide fiber material of claim 22 , having a surface area of about 30 m 2 /g to about 300 m 2 /g.

24 . The porous mixed metal oxide fiber material of claim 22 , having a porosity of about 5% to 50% by volume.

25 . The porous mixed metal oxide fiber material of claim 22 , comprising oxides of lithium and at least one of aluminum, cobalt, iron, manganese, nickel, titanium, and vanadium.

26 . The porous mixed metal oxide fiber material of claim 22 , comprising at least one of LiCoO 2 , LiNi 0.33 Mn 0.33 Co 0.33 O 2 , LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 , LiMnO 4 , LiFePO 4 , LiMn 2 O 4 , Li 2 MnO 3 , and Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 .

27 . The porous mixed metal oxide fiber material of claim 22 , having pore diameters of about 0.1 nm to about 150 run.

28 . The porous mixed metal oxide fiber material of claim 27 , having pore diameters of about 1 nm to about 100 nm.

29 . The porous mixed metal oxide fiber material of claim 22 , produced by sol-gel fiberization.

30 . A battery electrode comprising a binder and the porous mixed metal oxide fiber material of claim 22 .

31 . A lithium ion battery comprising the electrode of claim 30 .

Assignees

• Unifrax I Llc

Inventors

• Zoitos Bruce K
• Kelsall Adam
• Cross Jonathan
• Cannan Chad

Classifications

• H01M4/483 Primary

  for non-aqueous cells (H01M4/485 takes precedence) · CPC title

• H01M4/625

  Carbon or graphite · CPC title

• H01M4/525

  of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy · CPC title

• H01M4/622

  being polymers · CPC title

• H01M4/505

  of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy · CPC title