Complex electrolytes and other compositions for metal-ion batteries

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2019058220-A1
Application number	US-201816167467-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Oct 22, 2018
Priority date	May 7, 2014
Publication date	Feb 21, 2019
Grant date	—

Abstract

Batteries such as Li-ion batteries are provided that comprise anode and cathode electrodes, an electrolyte ionically coupling the anode and the cathode, and a separator electrically separating the anode and the cathode. In some designs, the electrolyte may comprise, for example, a mixture of (i) a Li-ion salt with (ii) at least one other metal salt having a metal with a standard reduction potential below −2.3 V vs. Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE). In other designs, the electrolyte may be disposed in conjunction with an electrolyte solvent that comprises, for example, about 10 to about 100 wt. % ether. In still other designs, the battery may further comprise anode and cathode interfacial layers (e.g., solid electrolyte interphase (SEI)) disposed between the respective electrode and the electrolyte and having different types of fragments of electrolyte solvent molecules as compared to each other.

First claim

1 . A Li-ion battery for generating an average discharge voltage above 2.6 V, comprising:
anode and cathode electrodes, wherein the anode is a high capacity anode having a Li capacity of at least 400 mAh/g; an electrolyte ionically coupling the anode and the cathode; and a separator electrically separating the anode and the cathode, wherein an electrolyte solvent disposed in conjunction with the electrolyte comprises about 10 to about 100 wt. % ether.

2 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises an iodine-containing salt.

3 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein the salt concentration in the electrolyte exceeds 2 molar (M).

4 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises an ether, and wherein the battery is assembled from a cathode exposed to an ether-free electrolyte prior to assembly.

5 . A Li-ion battery, comprising:
anode and cathode electrodes, wherein the anode is a high capacity anode having a Li capacity of at least 400 mAh/g; an electrolyte ionically coupling the anode and the cathode; and a separator electrically separating the anode and the cathode, wherein at least one of the electrodes comprises a binder, and wherein the binder comprises cations having a valance of +3, +4, or +5.

6 . A Li-ion battery, comprising:
an anode electrode having an average delithiation potential below about 1 V vs. Li/Li+; a cathode electrode having an average delithiation potential above about 3.8 V vs. Li/Li+; an electrolyte ionically coupling the anode and the cathode; a separator electrically separating the anode and the cathode; an anode interfacial layer disposed between the anode and the electrolyte; and a cathode interfacial layer disposed between the cathode and the electrolyte, wherein the anode interfacial layer comprises a first type of fragments of electrolyte solvent molecules and the cathode interfacial layer comprises a second type of fragments of electrolyte solvent molecules, the first and second types of fragments being different from each other.

7 . The battery of claim 6 , wherein the anode comprises Si.

8 . The battery of claim 6 , wherein the anode interfacial layer or the cathode interfacial layer is a pre-formed interfacial layer constructed prior to battery cell assembly.

9 . The battery of claim 6 , wherein at least one of the electrodes is a pre-filled electrode at least partially and at least temporarily filled with an electrolyte solvent having a melting point above a battery cell assembly temperature.

10 . The battery of claim 6 , wherein at least one of the electrodes comprises active material particles that include at least 1 vol. % of pores having a size in the range of about 0.3 nm to about 20 nm.

Assignees

• Sila Nanotechnologies Inc

Inventors

• Yushin Gleb
• Zdyrko Bogdan
• Kim Hyea
• Luzinov Igor
• Bandera Yuriy
• Berdichevsky Eugene

Classifications

• H01M2/1673

  Electricity · mapped topic

• H01M4/386

  Silicon or alloys based on silicon · CPC title

• H01M2300/0025

  Organic electrolyte · CPC title

• H01M10/0568 Primary

  characterised by the solutes · CPC title

• H01M10/058

  Construction or manufacture · CPC title