Electrodes and electrolytes for aqueous electrochemical energy storage systems

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2018366280-A1
Application number	US-201816004818-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Jun 11, 2018
Priority date	Jun 14, 2017
Publication date	Dec 20, 2018
Grant date	—

Abstract

Energy storage devices comprising carbon-based electrodes comprising energy-dense faradaic materials and oxidation-reduction (redox) electrolytes are disclosed. In some embodiments, the carbon-based electrodes comprise energy-dense magnetite nanoparticles. In some embodiments, the redox electrolytes comprise ferricyanide/ferrocyanide redox couple. Also described are processes, methods, protocols, and the like for manufacturing carbon-based electrodes comprising magnetite nanoparticles for use in high energy storage devices such as supercapacitors and for manufacturing high energy storage devices comprising redox electrolytes.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1 . An energy storage device comprising:
a) two or more electrodes, wherein at least one electrode comprises a carbonaceous material and a faradaic material; and b) an oxidation-reduction (redox)-active electrolyte.

2 . The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous material comprises an interconnected corrugated carbon-based network.

3 . The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous material comprises laser-scribed graphene.

4 . The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the faradaic material comprises metallic nanoparticles.

5 . The energy storage device of claim 4 , wherein the metallic nanoparticles comprise metal oxide particles.

6 . The energy storage device of claim 5 , wherein the metal oxide particles comprise magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ), iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), cobalt oxide (CO 3 O 4 ), nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH) 2 ), copper oxide (CuO), molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3 ), vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ), or any combination thereof.

7 . The energy storage device of claim 5 , wherein the metal oxide particles comprise magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ).

8 . The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the redox-active electrolyte comprises fluorine, manganese, chlorine, chromium, oxygen, silver, iron, iodine, copper, tin, quinone, bromine, iodine, vanadium, or combinations thereof.

9 . The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the redox-active electrolyte comprises potassium ferrocyanide, hydroquinone, vanadyl sulfate, p-phenylenediamine, p-phenylenediimine, potassium iodide, potassium bromide, copper chloride, hydroquinone, copper sulfate, heptylviologen dibromide, methyl viologen bromide, or any combination thereof.

10 . The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the redox-active electrolyte comprises ferric cations.

11 . The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the redox-active electrolyte comprises Fe(CN) 6 3− /Fe(CN) 6 4− .

12 . The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the redox-active electrolyte comprises an aqueous solution.

13 . The energy storage device of claim 12 , wherein the aqueous solution comprises sulfate ions.

14 . The energy storage device of claim 12 , wherein the aqueous solution comprises sodium ions.

15 . The energy storage device of claim 12 , wherein the aqueous solution comprises Na 2 SO 4 .

16 . The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the redox-active electrolyte comprises Fe(CN) 6 3− /Fe(CN) 6 4− and Na 2 SO 4 .

17 . The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous material comprises laser-scribed graphene, wherein the faradaic material comprises magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ); and wherein the redox-active electrolyte comprises Fe(CN) 6 3− /Fe(CN) 6 4− and Na 2 SO 4 .

18 . The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one electrode comprises a magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) content of about 20% to about 80%.

19 . The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one electrode possesses a magnetic moment.

20 . The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the energy storage device has an operational voltage of about 0.9 V to about 3 V.

21 . The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the energy storage device has a specific capacitance of from about 150 F/g to about 1,400 F/g.

22 . The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the energy storage device has an energy density of from about 45 Wh/kg to about 250 Wh/kg.

23 . The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the energy storage device has a power density of about 45 W/kg to about 180 W/kg.

24 . The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the energy storage device is a battery, a capacitor, a supercapacitor, and/or a micro-supercapacitor.

25 . An electrode comprising:
a carbonaceous material; and metallic nanoparticles.

26 . The electrode of claim 25 , wherein the carbonaceous material comprises an interconnected corrugated carbon-based network, laser-scribed graphene, or any combination thereof.

27 . The electrode of claim 25 , wherein the metallic nanoparticles comprise magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ), iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), cobalt oxide (CO 3 O 4 ), nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH) 2 ), copper oxide (CuO), molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3 ), vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ), or any combination thereof.

28 . The electrode of claim 25 , wherein the carbonaceous material comprises laser-scribed graphene and the metallic nanoparticles comprise magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ).

29 . The electrode of claim 28 , wherein the electrode comprises a magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) content of from about 40% to about 85%.

30 . A method of fabricating an electrode comprising:
a) sonicating a solution comprising a carbon-based oxide and a metallic salt; b) disposing the solution comprising a carbon-based oxide and a metallic salt onto a substrate; c) drying the substrate to create a dried film comprising a carbon-based oxide and a metallic salt; and d) exposing a portion of the dried film to light to reduce the carbon-based oxide and oxidize the metallic salt.

31 . The method of claim 30 , wherein the carbon-based oxide comprises graphene oxide.

32 . The method of claim 30 , wherein the metallic salt comprises iron (Fe).

33 . The method of claim 32 , wherein the metallic salt comprises iron chloride (FeCl 3 ).

Assignees

• Univ California
• Nanotech Energy Inc

Inventors

• Hwang Jee Youn
• El-Kady Maher F
• Kaner Richard B
• Kavanaugh Jack

Classifications

• H01G11/36 Primary

  Nanostructures, e.g. nanofibres, nanotubes or fullerenes · CPC title

• H01M10/36

  Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34 · CPC title

• H01G11/46

  Metal oxides · CPC title

• H01M8/186

  by electrolytic decomposition of the electrolytic solution or the formed water product · CPC title

• H01G11/62

  characterised by the solute, e.g. salts, anions or cations therein · CPC title