Excavated Nanoframes with Three-Dimensional Electrocatalytic Surfaces

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2018281060-A1
Application number	US-201815935331-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Mar 26, 2018
Priority date	Mar 31, 2017
Publication date	Oct 4, 2018
Grant date	—

Abstract

Described herein are metallic excavated nanoframes and methods for producing metallic excavated nanoframes. A method may include providing a solution including a plurality of excavated nanoparticles dispersed in a solvent, and exposing the solution to chemical corrosion to convert the plurality of excavated nanoparticles into a plurality of excavated nanoframes.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1 . A metallic excavated nanoframe comprising:
a plurality of branches and a plurality of edges that connect to form a rhombic dodecahedral shape; and a plurality of sheets within an interior of the excavated nanoframe, the plurality of sheets being proximate the plurality of branches and edges.

2 . The metallic excavated nanoframe of claim 1 , further comprising an electrochemically-active surface area to volume ratio of about 0.05 nm −1 to 1.5 nm −1 .

3 . The metallic excavated nanoframe of claim 1 , further comprising an electrochemically-active surface area to volume ratio of about 0.5 nm −1 to 0.8 nm −1 .

4 . The metallic excavated nanoframe of claim 1 , further comprising a composition of a form of X n Y m , wherein X is a first transition metal selected from a group consisting of platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh), and gold (Au), wherein Y is a second transition metal selected from a group consisting of nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and cobalt (Co), and wherein n and m are each an integer greater than zero.

5 . The metallic excavated nanoframe of claim 1 , further comprising a platinum-nickel alloy of the formula Pt 60 Ni 41 , Pt 65 Ni 35 , or Pt 70 Ni 30 .

6 . The metallic excavated nanoframe of claim 1 , further comprising Pt at a concentration of greater than 80% by weight of the metallic nanoframe.

7 . The metallic excavated nanoframe of claim 1 , further comprising Pt, wherein the plurality of edges and sheets are Pt-rich.

8 . The metallic excavated nanoframe of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of sheets are adjacent to the plurality of branches and edges.

9 . A method comprising:
providing a plurality of excavated nanoparticles; and converting the plurality of excavated nanoparticles into a plurality of excavated nanoframes, each excavated nanoframe comprising a plurality of branches, a plurality of edges that connect to form a rhombic dodecahedral shape, and a plurality of sheets within an interior of the excavated nanoframe, the plurality of sheets being adjacent to the plurality of branches and edges.

10 . The method of claim 9 , wherein providing the plurality of excavated nanoparticles comprises reacting platinum (Pt) with nickel (Ni) to form the plurality of excavated nanoparticles, wherein a mole ratio of the Pt to the Ni is about 0.25:1 to 10:1 or about 0.85:1 to 1:1; and
wherein converting the plurality of excavated nanoparticles comprises exposing a solution comprising the plurality of excavated nanoparticles to chemical corrosion for a time duration to allow the plurality of excavated nanoparticles to undergo a reaction with a corrosive chemical.

11 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the time duration is about 2 hours to 8 hours or about 2 to 4 hours.

12 . The method of claim 10 , further comprising maintaining a temperature of the solution at about 100° C. to 200° C. during the time duration.

13 . The method of claim 9 , wherein each excavated nanoparticle of the plurality of excavated nanoparticles further comprises Pt and Ni, and wherein a mass ratio of the Pt to the Ni is about 5 to 14.

14 . The method of claim 9 , wherein a first transition metal is present in each of the plurality of excavated nanoparticles at a first mole percent and in each of the plurality of excavated nanoframes at a second mole percent, and a second transition metal is present in each of the plurality of excavated nanoparticles at a third mole percent and in each of the plurality of excavated nanoframes at a fourth mole percent, wherein the second mole percent is greater than the first mole percent, and wherein the third mole percent is greater than the fourth mole percent.

15 . The method of claim 9 , wherein each excavated nanoframe comprises an electrochemically-active surface area to volume ratio of about 0.3 nm −1 to 2.5 nm −1 .

16 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the plurality of excavated nanoparticles comprise solid rhombic dodecahedral nanoparticles.

17 . The method of claim 9 , wherein each excavated nanoparticle of the plurality of excavated nanoparticles comprises a composition of a form of X n Y m , wherein X is a first transition metal selected from a group consisting of Pt, Pd, Rh, and Au, and Y is a second transition metal selected from a group consisting of Ni, Fe, Cu, and Co, and wherein n and m are each an integer greater than zero.

18 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the plurality of excavated nanoparticles comprises Pt 29 Ni 71 , and wherein the plurality of excavated nanoframes comprises Pt 65 Ni 35 .

19 . The method of claim 9 , further comprising:
depositing the plurality of excavated nanoframes onto an electrode; and annealing the plurality of excavated nanoframes.

20 . An electrode comprising:
a solvent-accessible surface; and a plurality of excavated nanoframes disposed on the solvent-accessible surface, each excavated nanoframe comprising a plurality of branches, a plurality of edges that connect to form a rhombic dodecahedral shape, and a plurality of sheets within an interior of the excavated nanoframe, the plurality of sheets being proximate the plurality of branches and edges.

Assignees

• Yang Peidong
• Becknell Nigel H
• Son Yoonkook
• Univ California

Inventors

• Yang Peidong
• Becknell Nigel H
• Son Yoonkook

Classifications

• B82B3/008

  Processes for improving the physical properties of a device · CPC title

• B82Y40/00

  Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures · CPC title

• B82Y30/00

  Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites · CPC title

• B22F7/008

  characterised by the composition · CPC title

• B22F2998/10

  Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps · CPC title