Methods and apparatus for controlling electrodeposition using surface charge properties

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2018233733-A1
Application number	US-201815951940-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Apr 12, 2018
Priority date	Nov 13, 2015
Publication date	Aug 16, 2018
Grant date	—

Abstract

Surface conduction in porous media can drastically alter the stability and morphology of electrodeposition at high rates, above the diffusion-limited current. Above the limiting current, surface conduction inhibits growth in the positive membrane and produces irregular dendrites, while it enhances growth and suppresses dendrites behind a deionization shock in the negative membrane. The discovery of uniform growth contradicts quasi-steady “leaky membrane” models, which are in the same universality class as unstable Laplacian growth, and indicates the importance of transient electro-diffusion or electro-osmotic dispersion. Shock electrodeposition could be exploited for high-rate recharging of metal batteries or manufacturing of metal matrix composite coatings.

First claim

1 . An electrode comprising:
a metal; and a porous membrane disposed on a surface of the metal; wherein the porous membrane is coated with a polyelectrolyte.

2 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the metal is Na, Li, or K.

3 . The electrode of claim 2 , wherein the metal is Li.

4 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the polyelectrolyte is a negative polyelectrolyte.

5 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the polyelectrolyte is a positive polyelectrolyte.

6 . A rechargeable battery comprising the electrode of claim 1 .

7 . The electrode of claim 4 , wherein the negative polyelectrolyte is a polymeric anion.

8 . The electrode of claim 7 , wherein the polymeric anion is poly(acrylic acid), poly(methacrylic acid), polystyrenesulfonate, copolymers thereof, and combinations thereof.

9 . The electrode of claim 5 , wherein the positive polyelectrolyte is a polymeric cation.

10 . The electrode of claim 9 , wherein the polymeric cation is a poly(allylamine) salt, a polystyrene amine salt, a polydiallyldimethylamine salt copolymers thereof, and combinations thereof.

11 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the surface charge of the coated porous membrane ranges from about −0.2 to about −0.8 e/nm 2 .

Assignees

• Massachusetts Inst Technology

Inventors

• Bai Peng
• Bazant Martin Z
• Brushett Fikile R
• Han Jihyung
• Wang Miao

Classifications

• H01M2004/021

  Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area · CPC title

• H01M4/137 Primary

  Electrodes based on electro-active polymers · CPC title

• H01M4/602

  Polymers · CPC title

• C25D1/006

  Nanostructures, e.g. using aluminium anodic oxidation templates [AAO] · CPC title

• B01D2313/345

  Electrodes · CPC title