Hybrid organic-inorganic electron selective overlayers for halide perovoskites

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2018174762-A1
Application number	US-201615381741-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Dec 16, 2016
Priority date	Dec 16, 2016
Publication date	Jun 21, 2018
Grant date	—

Abstract

A significant improvement in the stability of inverted perovskite solar cells against liquid water and high operating temperature (100° C.) by integrating an ultrathin overlayer in the electron transport layer via atomic layer deposition (ALD). These unencapsulated inverted devices exhibit stable operation over at least 10 hours when subjected to high thermal stress (100° C.) in ambient environments, as well as upon direct contact with a droplet of water without further encapsulation.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1 . An apparatus comprising:
a substrate; an electrode material disposed on the substrate; a hole extraction layer disposed between the electrode and a perovskite layer; a buffer layer deposited on the perovskite layer; and an overcoat layer deposited on the buffer layer.

2 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the hole extraction layer comprises NiO x , PEDOT:PSS, or CuSCN.

3 . The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the hole extraction layer has a thickness of 3 nm to 100 nm.

4 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the perovskite layer comprises a perovskite having a formula of ABX 3 , where A is selected from methylammonium (MA), formamidinium (FA), and Cs, B is selected from Pb, Sn, and Bi, and X is selected from I, Cl, and Br.

5 . The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the perovskite layer has a thickness of between 300 nm and 1000 nm.

6 . The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the perovskite is FAPbI 3 .

7 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the buffer layer comprises an organic buffer layer comprising a fullerene.

8 . The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the buffer layer is [6,6]-phenyl-C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester.

9 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the buffer layer comprises inorganic nanoparticles.

10 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the buffer layer has a thickness of about 5 to 500 nm.

11 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the overlayer is selected from the group comprising metal oxide, metal nitride, and metal sulfide.

12 . The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the overlayer is amorphous.

13 . The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the amorphous overlayer has a thickness of less than 10 nm.

14 . The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising one or more electrodes disposed on the overlayer.

15 . A method comprising:
providing a substrate with a transparent electrode material thereon; depositing a hole extraction layer on the transparent electrode material; depositing a perovskite layer on the compact hole extraction layer; depositing a buffer layer on a perovskite layer; and depositing, by atomic layer deposition, a metal halide overlayer on the organic buffer layer.

16 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the deposition by atomic layer deposition comprises a temperature of 50° C. to 200° C., a pressure of 1×10-6 Torr to 800 Torr, and an ALD pulse cycle timing of 0.001 to 10 seconds.

17 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the hole extraction layer comprises NiO x , PEDOT:PSS, or CuSCN and has a thickness of 3 nm to 100 nm.

18 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the perovskite layer comprises a perovskite having a formula of ABX 3 , where A is selected from methylammonium (MA), formamidinium (FA), and Cs, B is selected from Pb, Sn, and Bi, and X is selected from I, Cl, and Br and further wherein the perovskite layer has a thickness of between 300 nm and 1000 nm.

19 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the buffer layer comprises an organic buffer layer comprising a fullerene and has a thickness of about 5 to 500 nm.

20 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the overlayer has a thickness of less than 10 nm.

Assignees

• Uchicago Argonne Llc

Inventors

• Kim In Soo
• Martinson Alex B

Classifications

• H01L51/422

  Electricity · mapped topic

• H01L51/424

  Electricity · mapped topic

• H01G9/2077

  Sealing arrangements, e.g. to prevent the leakage of the electrolyte · CPC title

• H01G9/2013 Primary

  the electrolyte comprising ionic liquids, e.g. alkyl imidazolium iodide · CPC title

• H01L51/448

  Electricity · mapped topic