Electrical energy storage element, method and apparatus for producing said electrical energy storage element

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2018034107-A1
Application number	US-201515530119-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Jun 5, 2015
Priority date	Jun 5, 2014
Publication date	Feb 1, 2018
Grant date	—

Abstract

In the electrical energy storage element in accordance with the invention, a plurality of electrochemical cells that are each formed with a cathode and an anode as electrodes and an electrolyte are arranged stacked above one another. They are enclosed at one side by a top plate formed from an electrically conductive material, in particular aluminum, and at the oppositely disposed side by a base plate formed from an electrically conductive material, in particular aluminum. The base plate is coated by a cathode or by an anode and the cover plate is coated in a complementary manner by an anode or by a cathode. The anodes and cathodes are each formed at oppositely disposed surfaces of an electrically conductive carrier film which preferably comprises aluminum, copper, steel or an electrically conductive plastic. An outer peripheral margin is present at the carrier film that is free of electrode material and connects adjacent electrochemical cells to one another in a hermetically sealed manner with respect to the environment by means of a sealing and bonding agent. The anodes comprise a lithium titanate (LTO) having a spinel structure and the high-voltage cathodes are formed from a lithium nickel manganate (LNMO) having a spinel structure or from lithium phosphates (LP) in an olivine structure. With a gel electrolyte, a respective separator layer is present between the electrolyte and an electrode of an electrochemical cell and with a solid electrolyte no separator layer is present.

First claim

1 . An electrical energy storage element in which a plurality of electrochemical cells that are each formed with a cathode ( 20 ) and an anode ( 50 ) as electrodes and with an electrolyte ( 30 ) are arranged stacked above one another and are enclosed at one side by a cover plate ( 10 ) formed from an electrically conductive material, in particular aluminum, and at the opposite side by a base plate ( 12 ) formed from an electrically conductive material, in particular aluminum, wherein the base plate ( 12 ) is coated with a cathode ( 20 ) or an anode ( 50 ) and the cover plate ( 10 ) is coated in a complementary manner with an anode ( 50 ) or a cathode ( 20 ); and the anodes ( 50 ) and cathodes ( 20 ) are each formed at oppositely disposed surfaces of an electrically conductive carrier film ( 70 ) that preferably comprises aluminum, copper, steel or electrically conductive plastic and in this respect an outer peripheral margin is present at the carrier film ( 70 ) which is free of electrode material and which connects adjacent electrochemical cells to one another in a hermetically sealed manner with respect to the environment by a sealing and bonding agent; and
the anodes are formed from a lithium titanate (LTO) having a spinel structure and the high-voltage cathodes are formed from a lithium nickel manganate (LNMO) having a spinel structure or from lithium phosphates (LP) in an olivine structure, and a respective separator layer ( 40 ) is present between the electrolytes ( 30 ) and an electrode of an electrochemical cell with a gel-like electrolyte ( 30 ) and no separator layer ( 40 ) is present with a solid electrolyte.

2 . An electrical energy storage element in accordance with claim 1 , characterized in that anodes ( 50 ) are formed from Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 as LTO, the cathodes ( 20 ) are formed from LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 as LNMO or lithium phosphates as LiCoPO 4 or LiNiPO 4 and the electrolyte ( 30 ) is formed with a salt conductive for lithium ions or a polyelectrolyte, a polymer having ionizable anionic and/or cationic groups or with ionic liquids or Li 7 P 3 S 11 or Li 1.5 Al 0.5 Ge 1.5 (PO4) 3 ) as a crystalline ion conductor and/or a separator layer ( 40 ) with Al 2 O 3 , a glass conducting lithium ions, preferably in particle form and with an organic binder.

3 . An electrical energy storage element in accordance with claim 1 , characterized in that the electrolyte ( 30 ) is formed from LiPF 6 , LiTFSl or LiClO 4 , that are embedded with an organic carbonate, in particular ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate or propylene carbonate in a polymer matrix that is in particular formed with polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), an acrylate or imidine; or
N-alkyl-N-methylpyrrolodinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PYR 14 TFSI) and with LiTFSI as the salt conducting lithium ions as the polyelectrolyte.

4 . An electrical energy storage element in accordance with claim 1 , characterized in that a monitoring module, an interface module, a jacket module and/or a temperature-controlling or cooling module are present.

5 . An electrical energy storage element in accordance with claim 1 , characterized in that polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is contained in the separator layer ( 40 ).

6 . An electrical energy storage element in accordance with claim 1 , characterized in that the electron-conductive carrier films ( 70 ) of electrochemical cells are individually contacted with electrically insulated wires and the wires are led through sealing and bonding agents.

7 . A method of manufacturing an electrical energy storage element in accordance with claim 1 , characterized in that a carrier film ( 70 ) is respectively coated at two oppositely disposed surfaces with an anode material and at the oppositely disposed side with a cathode material such that an outwardly peripheral margin free of the respective electrode material remains or the electrode material is removed from this margin; and
at least one of the two electrodes is coated with a separator layer ( 40 ) with a gel-like electrolyte and is subsequently coated with electrolyte material or the respective electrode is directly coated with electrolyte material with a solid electrolyte; individual elements that each form an electrochemical cell are subsequently obtained by a separation and are stacked over one another such that cathodes ( 20 ) and anodes ( 50 ) are arranged alternatingly facing upwardly and in this respect the bottommost electrochemical cell is placed onto a base plate ( 12 ) which has been coated with a cathode ( 20 ) or an anode ( 50 ), with the respective complementary electrode that is arranged in the direction of the electrode formed on the base plate ( 12 ) facing in the direction of this electrode, being placed onto the topmost electrochemical cell of a cover plate ( 10 ) on which an electrode complementary to the topmost electrode of the topmost electrochemical cell is present, after reaching the desired number of electrochemical cells to be stacked; and a closing of the electrochemical cells with respect to the environment is achieved by a sealing and bonding agent at the outer margins free of electrode material.

8 . A method in accordance with claim 7 , characterized in that a closing of the electrochemical cells with respect to the environment is achieved with a sealing and bonding agent as well as with a separator element at the outer margins free of electrode material.

9 . A method in accordance with claim 1 , characterized in that the electrodes, the separator layer ( 40 ) and/or the electrolyte ( 30 ) is/are formed by application by doctor blade, printing, spraying, dispensing, powder coating or electrostatic processes.

10 . A method in accordance with claim 9 , characterized in that a compaction is achieved by calendering.

11 . A method in accordance with claim 10 characterized in that the assembly and stacking of the electrochemical cells and of base plate and cover plate ( 10 ) are carried out under vacuum conditions or in an inert environmental atmosphere.

12 . An apparatus for manufacturing electrical energy storage elements in accordance with claim 1 , characterized in that at least the stacking and assembly can be carried out in a chamber that can be closed by at least one sluice and that can be evacuated or filled with an inert gas.

13 . An apparatus in accordance with claim 12 , characterized in that a gripping mechanism is present in the chamber that is configured at least for stacking and for pressing the electrochemical cells.

Assignees

• Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E V
• Thyssenkrupp System Enginnering Gmbh
• Thyssenkrupp Ag
• Iav Gmbh Ingenieurgesellschaft Auto & Verkehr

Inventors

• Wolter Mareike
• Nikolowski Kristian
• Partsch Uwe
• Roscher Michael
• Echelmeyer Thomas
• Tittel Daniel
• Clauss Michael

Classifications

• H01M2300/0085

  Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte · CPC title

• H01M10/52

  Removing gases inside the secondary cell, e.g. by absorption (vent plugs or other mechanical arrangements for facilitating escape of gases H01M50/30) · CPC title

• H01M10/0565

  Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type · CPC title

• H01M4/483

  for non-aqueous cells (H01M4/485 takes precedence) · CPC title

• H01M10/63

  Control systems (charging or discharging in response to temperature H01M10/44 {, H01M10/443}; measurement of temperature H01M10/48 {, H01M10/486}) · CPC title