Direct growth of polyaniline nanotubes on carbon cloth for flexible and high-performance supercapacitors

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2017287650-A1
Application number	US-201715472409-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Mar 29, 2017
Priority date	Apr 1, 2016
Publication date	Oct 5, 2017
Grant date	—

Abstract

The present disclosure further provides an exemplary energy storage device fabricated from rectangular-tube polyaniline (PANI) that is chemically synthesized by a simple and convenient method. The rectangular-tube PANI, as an active material, is synthesized on a functionalized carbon cloth (FCC) as a substrate, and the obtained composite is immobilized on a stainless steel mesh as a current collector. The present disclosure additionally presents a facile technique for the direct synthesis of PANI nanotubes, with rectangular pores, on chemically activated CC.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1 . A supercapacitor comprising:
two or more electrodes, wherein at least one electrode comprises a functionalized carbon electrode; a current collector; and a redox electrolyte.

2 . The supercapacitor of claim 1 , wherein the functionalized carbon electrode comprises:
a carbon substrate comprising carbon cloth, carbon fiber, amorphous carbon, glassy carbon, carbon nanofoam, carbon aerogel, graphene foam or any combination thereof; and a conducting polymer disposed on the carbon substrate, wherein the conducting polymer comprises polyaniline, poly(p-phenylene oxide), poly(p-phenylene sulfide), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polypyrrole, polythiophene, poly(3-alkythiophene), poly(3-methylthiophene), poly(3-hexylthiophene), or any combination thereof.

3 . The supercapacitor of claim 2 , wherein the conducting polymer has a morphology of one or more nanotubes.

4 . The supercapacitor of claim 3 , wherein a nanotube has a length of 100 nanometers to 10,000 nanometers.

5 . The supercapacitor of claim 3 , wherein a nanotube has an outer width of 10 nanometers to 1,000 nanometers.

6 . The supercapacitor of claim 3 , wherein a nanotube has an inner width of 50 nanometers to 800 nanometers.

7 . The supercapacitor of claim 3 , wherein a surface of a nanotube contains a nanostructure.

8 . The supercapacitor of claim 7 , wherein a nanostructure comprises a nanorod, nanochain, nanofiber, nanoflake, nanoflower, nanoparticle, nanoplatelet, nanoribbon, nanoring, nanosheet, or any combination thereof.

9 . The supercapacitor of claim 7 , wherein a nanostructure has a length of 4 nanometers to 50 nanometers.

10 . The supercapacitor of claim 7 , wherein a nanostructure has a width of 4 nanometers to 50 nanometers.

11 . The supercapacitor of claim 2 , wherein the functionalized carbon electrode has an areal capacitance of at least 150 mF/cm 2 to 750 mF/cm 2 .

12 . The supercapacitor of claim 2 , wherein the functionalized carbon electrode has a resistance, which decreases after 1,000 cycles of bending by at most 8%.

13 . The supercapacitor of claim 1 , wherein the redox electrolyte comprises a quinone.

14 . The supercapacitor of claim 1 , wherein the supercapacitor has a working potential of 0.1 V to 1.7 V.

15 . The supercapacitor of claim 1 , wherein the supercapacitor has a gravimetric capacitance which, after 1,000 cycles of charging, decreases by at most 26%.

16 . The supercapacitor of claim 1 , wherein the supercapacitor has a gravimetric capacitance which is 125 F/g to 20,000 F/g.

17 . The supercapacitor of claim 1 , wherein the supercapacitor has a gravimetric energy density which is 12 Wh/kg to 3,000 Wh/kg.

18 . A method of fabricating a functionalized electrode comprising:
a) functionalizing a carbon substrate to form a functionalized carbon substrate; b) preparing the functionalized carbon substrate; c) formulating a polymerization fluid; and d) synthesizing one or more nanotubes on the functionalized carbon substrate.

19 . The method of claim 18 , wherein the functionalizing of a carbon substrate to form a functionalized carbon substrate comprises:
i) forming a functionalization solution; ii) heating the functionalization solution; iii) cooling the functionalization solution; iv) displacing a piece of carbon substrate into the functionalization solution; and v) rinsing a piece of functionalized carbon substrate.

20 . The method of claim 19 , wherein the heating of the functionalization solution occurs at a temperature of 30° C. to 120° C.

21 . The method of claim 19 , wherein the heating of the functionalization solution occurs for a period of time of 60 minutes to 240 minutes.

22 . The method of claim 18 , further comprising a step of annealing the functionalized carbon substrate before the preparing of the functionalized carbon substrate.

23 . The method of claim 22 , wherein the functionalized carbon substrate is annealed at a temperature of 100° C. to 400° C.

24 . The method of claim 22 , wherein the functionalized carbon substrate is annealed for a period of time of 0.5 hours to 14 hours.

25 . The method of claim 18 , wherein the preparing of the functionalized carbon substrate comprises:
i) cutting a piece of the functionalized carbon substrate; ii) submerging the piece of functionalized carbon substrate in a solvent solution; iii) sonicating the piece of functionalized carbon substrate in the solvent solution; and iv) drying the piece of functionalized carbon substrate.

26 . The method of claim 25 , wherein the sonicating occurs for a period of time of 15 minutes to 60 minutes.

27 . The method of claim 25 , wherein the drying occurs at a temperature of 30° C. to 120° C.

28 . The method of claim 25 , wherein the drying occurs over a period of time of 3 hours to 12 hours.

29 . The method of claim 18 , wherein the formulating of a polymerization fluid comprises:
i) forming a polymerization solution comprising:
a conducting polymer;
an acid;
a detergent;
water; and
an oxidizing agent;
ii) stirring the polymerization solution to form the polymerization fluid.

30 . The method of claim 29 , wherein the conducting polymer comprises polyaniline, poly(p-phenylene oxide), poly(p-phenylene sulfide), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polypyrrole, polythiophene, poly(3-alkythiophene), poly(3-methylthiophene), poly(3-hexylthiophene), or any combination thereof.

31 . The method of claim 29 , wherein the stirring of the polymerization solution occurs for a period of time of 10 minutes to 40 minutes.

32 . The method of claim 18 , wherein the synthesizing of a nanotube on the functionalized carbon substrate comprises:
i) agitating the polymerization fluid; ii) immersing the functionalized carbon substrate in the polymerization fluid; iii) storing the functionalized carbon substrate in the polymerization fluid; iv) removing a functionalized carbon substrate from the polymerization fluid; v) washing the functionalized carbon substrate; and vi) drying the functionalized carbon substrate.

33 . The method of claim 32 , wherein the storing of the functionalized carbon substrate in the polymerization fluid occurs at a temperature of 10° C. to 50° C.

34 . The method of claim 32 , wherein the storing of the functionalized carbon substrate in the polymerization fluid occurs for a period of time of at least 8 hours.

35 . The method of claim 32 , wherein the drying of the functionalized carbon substrate occurs at a temperature of 30° C. to 120° C.

Assignees

• Univ California

Inventors

• Kaner Richard B
• El-Kady Maher F
• Mousavi Mir Fazlollah
• Hashemi Masumeh
• Rahmanifar Mohammad S

Classifications

• H01G11/70

  characterised by their structure · CPC title

• H01G11/02 Primary

  using combined reduction-oxidation reactions, e.g. redox arrangement or solion · CPC title

• Y02E60/13

  Energy storage using capacitors · CPC title

• H01G11/36 Primary

  Nanostructures, e.g. nanofibres, nanotubes or fullerenes · CPC title

• H01G11/48

  Conductive polymers · CPC title