Organic lithium battery

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2017271677-A1
Application number	US-201515529328-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Nov 30, 2015
Priority date	Dec 1, 2014
Publication date	Sep 21, 2017
Grant date	—

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of organic lithium batteries having high energy and power densities. In particular, the present invention relates to an organic lithium battery comprising a positive electrode based on redox organic compounds and an electrolyte comprising a high concentration of lithium salt, and to its process of manufacture.

First claim

1 . Organic lithium battery comprising:
a negative electrode comprising lithium metal or an alloy of lithium metal, a positive electrode optionally supported by a current collector, said positive electrode comprising at least one redox organic structure comprising at least two carbonyl C═O functional groups, two thione C═S functional groups or two imine C═N functional groups, at least one polymer binder P 1 and at least one agent generating electron conductivity, said redox organic structure being different from the sulphur-comprising agents chosen from elemental sulphur S 8 and sulphur-comprising organic compounds comprising at least one S—S bond,
said organic lithium battery being characterized in that it additionally comprises an electrolyte comprising at least one lithium salt L 1 and at least one liquid linear or cyclic polyether with a molar mass of less than or equal to 10 000 g·mol −1 , wherein:
when the electrolyte is a liquid electrolyte, the concentration of lithium salt L 1 in said liquid electrolyte is at least 1.6 mol/l, and the liquid electrolyte impregnates a porous separator, and
when the electrolyte is a gelled polymer electrolyte, it additionally comprises at least one polymer binder P 2 which is soluble in the liquid linear or cyclic polyether with a molar mass of less than or equal to 10 000 g·mol −1 , and the concentration of lithium salt L 1 in said gelled polymer electrolyte is such that the O/Li ratio is at most 15, it being understood that, in the O/Li ratio, “0” denotes the number of oxygen atoms provided by the ether units of the liquid linear or cyclic polyether with a molar mass of less than or equal to 10 000 g·mol −1 , and optionally by the ether units of the polymer binder P 2 , if it contains them, and “L 1 ” denotes the number of lithium ions provided by the lithium salt L 1 .

2 . Battery according to claim 1 , wherein the lithium salt L 1 is chosen from lithium fluorate (LiFO 3 ), lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide (LiTFSI), lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ), lithium fluoroborate (LiBF 4 ), lithium metaborate (LiBO 2 ), lithium perchlorate (LiClO 4 ), lithium nitrate (LiNO 3 ), lithium bis(fluorosulphonyl)imide (LiFSI), lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 or LiBOB) and their mixtures.

3 . Battery according to claim 1 , wherein the positive electrode comprises at least 50% by weight of redox organic structure, with respect to the total weight of said positive electrode.

4 . Battery according to claim 1 , wherein the positive electrode comprises from 1 to 30% by weight of agent generating an electron conductivity, with respect to the total weight of the positive electrode.

5 . Battery according to claim 1 , wherein the agent generating an electron conductivity is chosen from carbon black, sp carbon, acetylene black, carbon fibres and nanofibres, carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphite, metal particles and fibres, and one of their mixtures.

6 . Battery according to claim 1 , wherein the positive electrode comprises from 2 to 30% by weight of polymer binder P 1 , with respect to the total weight of the positive electrode.

7 . Battery according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer binder P 1 is chosen from copolymers and homopolymers of ethylene; copolymers and homopolymers of propylene; homopolymers and copolymers of ethylene oxide, of methylene oxide, of propylene oxide, of epichlorohydrin or of allyl glycidyl ether, and their mixtures; halogenated polymers; polyacrylates; polyalcohols; electron-conducting polymers; polymers of cationic type; and one of their mixtures.

8 . Battery according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer binder P 2 is chosen from polyolefins, polymers comprising several ether units, halogenated polymers, non-electron-conducting polymers of anionic type, polyacrylates, elastomers and one of their mixtures.

9 . Battery according to claim 1 , wherein the gelled polymer electrolyte comprises from 40 to 80% by weight of polymer binder P 2 , with respect to the total weight of the gelled polymer electrolyte.

10 . Battery according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polymer binder P 2 is a mixture of a polymer P 2-A and of a polymer P 2-B , said polymer P 2-A making it possible to dissolve the lithium salt L 1 present in a high concentration in the gelled polymer electrolyte and said polymer P 2-B making it possible to provide the mechanical strength of said gelled polymer electrolyte.

11 . Battery according to claim 10 , wherein the polymer P 2-A is a polymer comprising several ether units and the polymer P 2-B is a halogenated polymer.

12 . Battery according to claim 1 , wherein the O/Li ratio of the gelled polymer electrolyte ranges from 3 to 10.

13 . Battery according to claim 1 , wherein the gelled polymer electrolyte comprises from 1 to 35% by weight of liquid linear or cyclic polyether, with respect to the total weight of the gelled polymer electrolyte.

14 . Battery according to claim 1 , wherein the concentration of the lithium salt L 1 in the liquid electrolyte ranges from 1.8 to 6 mol/l.

15 . Process for the manufacture of an organic lithium battery as defined in claim 1 , wherein said process comprises the following stages:
A) a stage of preparation of a liquid electrolyte or of a gelled polymer electrolyte,
said process additionally comprising one or other of the following sequences B1 or B2:
B1) a stage of assembling a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a gelled polymer electrolyte prepared in stage A), or
B2-i) a stage of assembling a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a porous separator, and
B2-ii) a stage of impregnation of the assembly as obtained in stage B2-i) by the liquid electrolyte prepared in stage A).

Assignees

• Blue Solutions
• Centre Nat Rech Scient
• Univ Nantes

Inventors

• Lecuyer Margaud
• Deschamps Marc
• Gaubicher Joël
• Poizot Philippe
• Guyomard Dominique
• Lestriez Bernard

Classifications

• H01M2300/0085

  Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte · CPC title

• H01M10/0568

  characterised by the solutes · CPC title

• H01M10/052

  Li-accumulators · CPC title

• H01M10/0565

  Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type · CPC title

• H01M4/60 Primary

  of organic compounds · CPC title