Carbon dioxide trapping device and method capable of producing electricity

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2017256812-A1
Application number	US-201515115980-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Feb 3, 2015
Priority date	Feb 3, 2014
Publication date	Sep 7, 2017
Grant date	—

Abstract

An apparatus and process are provided for electricity production and high-efficiency trapping of carbon dioxide, using carbon dioxide within combustion exhaust gas and converging technologies associated with a carbon dioxide absorption tower and a generating device using ions which uses a difference in concentration of salinity between seawater and freshwater. It is expected that enhanced electrical energy production efficiency, an effect of reducing costs for the operation of a carbon dioxide trapping process, and electricity production from carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas, can be simultaneously achieved by increasing the difference in concentration using an absorbent for absorbing carbon dioxide.

First claim

1 . A carbon dioxide capturing apparatus capable of producing electricity, comprising:
an absorption tower in which a gas including carbon dioxide comes in contact with an absorbent and is absorbed by the absorbent; and an electricity-generating device using ions including a fluid solution flow path which contains a cation flow path and an anion flow path through which a fluid solution moves; and an absorption solution flow path through which an absorption solution that has absorbed carbon dioxide moves between the cation flow path and the anion flow path, wherein electricity is generated by a potential difference generated by a concentration difference between the absorption solution that has absorbed carbon dioxide and the fluid solution, wherein a regenerated absorption solution moving through the absorption solution flow path and passing through the electricity-generating device using ions forms a closed loop and is supplied to the absorption tower by a liquid transfer pump.

2 . The carbon dioxide capturing apparatus capable of producing electricity according to claim 1 , comprising:
a cation exchange membrane formed between the cation flow path and the absorption solution flow path; and an anion exchange membrane formed between the anion flow path and the absorption solution flow path.

3 . The carbon dioxide capturing apparatus capable of producing electricity according to claim 2 , comprising:
a cation electrode spaced apart from the cation exchange membrane and disposed to face the cation exchange membrane; and an anion electrode spaced apart from the anion exchange membrane and disposed to face the anion exchange membrane.

4 . The carbon dioxide capturing apparatus capable of producing electricity according to claim 1 , wherein the absorbent includes, as a solute, one or more selected from an aqueous electrolyte group consisting of amines, alkali metal bicarbonates, alkali carbonates, carbonates, hydroxides, borates, phosphates, nitrates, acids, and sodium chloride and an organic electrolyte group consisting of propylene carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and tetrahydrofuran (THF).

5 . The carbon dioxide capturing apparatus capable of producing electricity according to claim 1 , wherein the absorbent further includes, as an additive, a corrosion inhibitor, a coagulant aid, an antioxidant, an oxygen scavenger, an antifoaming agent, or a combination thereof.

6 . The carbon dioxide capturing apparatus capable of producing electricity according to claim 1 , wherein the absorbent includes, as a solvent, one or more selected from an aqueous solvent group consisting of pure water, freshwater, brackish water, saline water, all of which are forms in which water is present, and a mixed solvent of an alcohol and water or an organic solvent group consisting of an aliphatic hydrocarbon group consisting of hexane; an aromatic hydrocarbon group consisting of benzene, toluene, xylene, and methylnaphthalene; a heterocyclic compound group consisting of quinoline and pyridine; a ketone group consisting of acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and cyclohexanone; an ester group consisting of methyl acetate and methyl acrylate; an amine group consisting of diethylenetriamine and N,N-dimethylaminopropylamine; an ether group consisting of diethyl ether, propylene oxide, and tetrahydrofuran (THF); an amide group consisting of N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), dimethylformamide, and dimethylacetamide; and a polar aprotic solvent group consisting of hexamethylphosphoramide and dimethyl sulfoxide.

7 .- 9 . (canceled)

10 . The carbon dioxide capturing apparatus capable of producing electricity according to claim 1 , wherein the absorption solution that has absorbed carbon dioxide, which is supplied to the absorption solution flow path, and the fluid solution supplied to the cation flow path and the anion flow path are supplied alternately.

11 . The carbon dioxide capturing apparatus capable of producing electricity according to claim 1 , wherein the absorption solution flow path and the fluid solution flow path are formed to be in a combination of at least two flow paths, and the absorption solution that has absorbed carbon dioxide and the fluid solution are supplied in parallel or series or honeycomb structure.

12 .- 15 . (canceled)

16 . The carbon dioxide capturing apparatus capable of producing electricity according to claim 1 , comprising:
a heat exchanger in which heat is exchanged when the absorption solution that has absorbed carbon dioxide and the regenerated absorption solution pass through the heat exchanger.

17 . (canceled)

18 . The carbon dioxide capturing apparatus capable of producing electricity according to claim 1 , wherein the absorption tower includes a filler which comes in contact with the gas.

19 . A carbon dioxide capturing process capable of producing electricity, comprising:
absorbing, by an absorbent, a gas including carbon dioxide through contact in an absorption tower; generating electricity by a potential difference generated by a concentration difference between an absorption solution that has absorbed carbon dioxide and a fluid solution in an electricity-generating device using ions including a fluid solution flow path containing a cation flow path and an anion flow path, through which the fluid solution moves, and an absorption solution flow path through which the absorption solution that has absorbed carbon dioxide moves between the cation flow path and the anion flow path; and forming a closed loop through which a regenerated absorption solution moving through the absorption solution flow path and passing through the electricity-generating device using ions is supplied to the absorption tower by a liquid transfer pump.

20 . The carbon dioxide capturing process capable of producing electricity according to claim 19 , wherein the process comprises:
a cation exchange membrane formed between the cation flow path and the absorption solution flow path; and an anion exchange membrane formed between the anion flow path and the absorption solution flow path.

21 . The carbon dioxide capturing process capable of producing electricity according to claim 20 , wherein the process comprises:
a cation electrode spaced apart from the cation exchange membrane and disposed to face the cation exchange membrane; and an anion electrode spaced apart from the anion exchange membrane and disposed to face the anion exchange membrane.

22 . The carbon dioxide capturing process capable of producing electricity according to claim 19 , wherein the absorbent includes, as a solute, one or more selected from an aqueous electrolyte group consisting of amines, alkali metal bicarbonates, alkali carbonates, carbonates, hydroxides, borates, phosphates, nitrates, acids, and sodium chloride and an organic electrolyte group consisting of propylene carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and tetrahydrofuran (THF).

23 . The carbon dioxide capturing process capable of producing electricity according to claim 19 , wherein the absorbent further includes, as an additive, a corrosion inhibitor, a coagulant aid, an antioxidant, an oxygen scavenger, an antifoaming agent, or a combination thereof.

24 . The carbon dioxide capturing process capable of producing electricity according to claim 19 , wherein the absorbent includes, as a solvent, one or more selected from an aqueous solvent group consisting of pure water, freshwater, brackish water, saline water, all of which are forms in which water is present, and a mixed solvent of an alcohol and water or an o

Assignees

• Korea Energy Research Inst

Inventors

• Yoon Yeo Il
• Kim Han Ki
• Nam Sung Chan
• Kim Chan Soo
• Park Sung Youl
• Jeong Nam Jo
• Kim Young Eun

Classifications

• B01D2252/205

  Other organic compounds not covered by B01D2252/00 - B01D2252/20494 · CPC title

• B01D2252/10

  Inorganic absorbents · CPC title

• H01M8/227 Primary

  Dialytic cells or batteries; Reverse electrodialysis cells or batteries · CPC title

• B01D53/965

  including an electrochemical process step · CPC title

• B01D2252/204

  Amines · CPC title