Doped-carbon composites, synthesizing methods and applications of the same

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2017203284-A1
Application number	US-201715474281-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Mar 30, 2017
Priority date	Jun 18, 2008
Publication date	Jul 20, 2017
Grant date	—

Abstract

A method of synthesizing a doped carbon composite includes preparing a solution having a carbon source material and a heteroatom containing additive, evaporating the solution to yield a plurality of powders, and subjecting the plurality of powders to a heat treatment for a duration of time effective to produce the doped carbon composite.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1 . A method of synthesizing a doped carbon composite, comprising the steps of:
(a) preparing a solution having a material containing tannin and an additive containing a doping chemical element; (b) evaporating the solution to yield a plurality of powders; and (c) subjecting the plurality of powders to a heat treatment for a duration of time effective to produce the doped carbon composite.

2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the material containing the tannin is tannin sulfonate, lignin, lignosulfonate, or a mixture thereof.

3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the additive containing the doping chemical element is one containing oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), boron (B), sulfur (S), iodine (I), fluorine (F), silicon (Si), selenium (Se), germanium (Ge), or a mixture thereof.

4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat treatment is performed at a temperature in a range of about 700° C. to about 1800° C.

5 . The method of claim 4 , wherein the duration of time effective is in a range of about 10 minutes to about 2 hours.

6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat treatment is performed by subjecting the plurality of powders to a microwave radiation with a frequency of 2.45 GHz.

7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat treatment is performed by a heat source other than a microwave radiation source.

8 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of adding polyphosphoric acid to the plurality of powders prior to the subjecting step.

9 . An article of manufacture by the method of claim 1 .

10 . A composite synthesized by pyrolysis of a mixture of tannin and melamine, wherein the steps involved in the synthesis process comprises:
(a) dissolving the tannin and the melamine in water to form a homogeneous solution; (b) evaporating the solution to yield a dry solid; and (c) subjecting powders of the dry solid to a heat treatment between about 700° C. and about 1800° C. for about 10 minutes to about 2 hours.

11 . The composite of claim 10 , wherein the synthesis process further comprises the step of adding polyphosphoric acid to the plurality of powders prior to the subjecting step.

12 . A composite synthesized by the steps of:
(a) preparing a solution having a carbon source material and a heteroatom containing additive; (b) evaporating the solution to yield a plurality of powders; and (c) subjecting the plurality of powders to a heat treatment for a duration of time effective to produce a doped carbon composite.

13 . The composite of claim 12 , wherein the carbon source material comprises tannin, urea, lignin, lignosulfonate, tannin sulfonate, phenol formaldehyde resins, melamine formaldehyde resins, tannin formaldehyde resins, resorcinol formaldehyde resins, urea formaldehyde resins, or a mixture thereof.

14 . The composite of claim 12 , wherein the heteroatom containing additive comprises one containing oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), boron (B), sulfur (S), iodine (I), fluorine (F), silicon (Si), selenium (Se), germanium (Ge), or a mixture thereof.

15 . The composite of claim 14 , wherein the additive containing the doping chemical element comprises a boron compound containing boric acid, or sodium borate.

16 . The composite of claim 14 , wherein the additive containing the doping chemical element comprises a phosphorus compound containing phosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, or sodium phosphate.

17 . The composite of claim 14 , wherein the additive containing the doping chemical element comprises a silicon compound containing potassium silicate.

18 . The composite of claim 14 , wherein the additive containing the doping chemical element comprises a fluorine compound containing ammonium fluoride.

19 . The composite of claim 14 , wherein the additive containing the doping chemical element comprises an iodine compound containing sodium iodide, or ammonium iodide.

20 . The composite of claim 14 , wherein the additive containing the doping chemical element comprises a nitrogen compound containing melamine, dicyandiamide, urea, guanidine, or histidine.

21 . The composite of claim 20 , wherein the additive containing the doping chemical element further comprises hexamine.

22 . The composite of claim 12 , wherein the synthesis process further comprises the step of adding polyphosphoric acid to the plurality of powders prior to the subjecting step.

23 . The composite of claim 12 useable for visible light degradation of organic molecules in water.

24 . An article of manufacture, comprising the composite of claim 12 .

25 . The article of manufacture of claim 24 , being a supercapacitor, a fuel cell, photovoltaic cell, a lithium ion battery, an air filter, or a water filter.

Assignees

• Univ Arkansas

Inventors

• Viswanathan Tito

Classifications

• B01J27/14

  Phosphorus; Compounds thereof · CPC title

• B01J37/084

  Decomposition of carbon-containing compounds into carbon · CPC title

• B01J21/18 Primary

  Carbon · CPC title

• B01J37/04

  Mixing {(B01J37/0009, B01J37/0018 take precedence)} · CPC title

• B01J37/346

  of microwave energy · CPC title