Ni(OH)2 NANOPOROUS FILMS AS ELECTRODES

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2016379764-A1
Application number	US-201615193529-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Jun 27, 2016
Priority date	Jun 25, 2015
Publication date	Dec 29, 2016
Grant date	—

Abstract

The present disclosure pertains to electrodes that include a nickel-based material and at least one porous region with a plurality of nickel hydroxide moieties on a surface of the nickel-based material. The nickel-based material may be a nickel foil in the form of a film. The porous region of the electrode may be directly associated with the surface of the nickel-based material. The nickel hydroxide moieties may be in crystalline form and embedded with the porous region. The electrodes of the present disclosure may be a component of an energy storage device, such as a capacitor. Additional embodiments of the present disclosure pertain to methods of fabricating the electrodes by anodizing a nickel-based material to form at least one porous region on a surface of the nickel-based material; and hydrothermally treating the porous region to form nickel hydroxide moieties associated with the porous region.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1 . An electrode comprising:
a nickel-based material; and at least one porous region on a surface of the nickel-based material,
wherein the at least one porous region comprises a plurality of nickel hydroxide moieties.

2 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the nickel-based material is selected from the group consisting of nickel alloys, nickel foils, nickel foams, nickel plates, porous nickel, nickel coupons, nickel blocks, nickel rods, nickel cylinders, non-porous nickel, and combinations thereof.

3 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the nickel-based material is a nickel foil.

4 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the nickel-based material consists essentially of nickel.

5 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the nickel-based material is in the form of a film.

6 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the nickel-based material serves as a current collector.

7 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the at least one porous region is directly associated with the surface.

8 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the at least one porous region is derived from the nickel-based material.

9 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the at least one porous region comprises a plurality of porous regions scattered throughout the surface.

10 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the at least one porous region comprises single porous region.

11 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the at least one porous region spans an entire surface of the nickel-based material.

12 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the at least one porous region comprises pores with sizes ranging from about 1 nm in diameter to about 1 μm in diameter.

13 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the at least one porous region comprises pores with sizes ranging from about 1 nm in diameter to about 500 nm in diameter.

14 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the at least one porous region has a thickness ranging from about 50 nm to about 500 μm.

15 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the at least one porous region has a thickness ranging from about 100 nm to about 50 μm.

16 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the nickel hydroxide moieties are embedded with the at least one porous region.

17 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the nickel hydroxide moieties are in at least one of crystalline form, semi-crystalline form, amorphous form, lattice form, and combinations thereof.

18 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the nickel hydroxide moieties are in crystalline form.

19 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the nickel hydroxide moieties are derived from the nickel-based material.

20 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the electrode consists essentially of the nickel-based material and the at least one porous region.

21 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the electrode is an anode.

22 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the electrode is a cathode.

23 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the electrode has a capacitance ranging from about 1,000 F/g to about 2,500 F/g.

24 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the electrode has a capacitance ranging from about 1,500 F/g to about 2,000 F/g.

25 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the electrode is a component of an energy storage device.

26 . The electrode of claim 25 , wherein the energy storage device is selected from the group consisting of capacitors, batteries, photovoltaic devices, photovoltaic cells, transistors, current collectors, fuel cell devices, water-splitting devices, two electrode systems, three electrode systems, and combinations thereof.

27 . The electrode of claim 25 , wherein the energy storage device is a capacitor.

28 . The electrode of claim 27 , wherein the capacitor is selected from the group consisting of lithium-ion capacitors, supercapacitors, asymmetric supercapacitors, asymmetric two electrode supercapacitors, additive-free electrode supercapacitors, micro supercapacitors, pseudo capacitors, electrochemical capacitors, two-electrode electric double-layer capacitors (EDLC), non-Faradaic electric double-material capacitors (EDLCs), Faradaic pseudocapacitors, and combinations thereof.

29 . The electrode of claim 25 , wherein the energy storage device has a capacity ranging from about 100 F/g to about 500 F/g.

30 . The electrode of claim 25 , wherein the energy storage device has a capacity ranging from about 100 F/g to about 200 F/g.

31 . The electrode of claim 25 , wherein the energy storage device retains at least 90% of its capacity after about 10,000 cycles.

32 . The electrode of claim 25 , wherein the energy storage device has an energy density ranging from about of 10 μWh/cm 2 to about 100 μWh/cm 2 .

33 . The electrode of claim 25 , wherein the energy storage device has an energy density ranging from about of 25 μWh/cm 2 to about 50 μWh/cm 2 .

34 . The electrode of claim 25 , wherein the energy storage device has a power density ranging from about 1 mW/cm 2 to about 100 mW/cm 2 .

35 . The electrode of claim 25 , wherein the energy storage device has a power density ranging from about 10 mW/cm 2 to about 50 mW/cm 2 .

36 . A method of fabricating an electrode, said method comprising:
anodizing a nickel-based material, wherein the anodizing forms at least one porous region on a surface of the nickel-based material; and hydrothermally treating the at least one porous region,
wherein the hydrothermal treatment forms a plurality of nickel hydroxide moieties associated with the at least one porous region.

37 . The method of claim 36 , further comprising a step of pre-treating the nickel-based material.

38 . The method of claim 37 , wherein the pre-treating comprises cleaning the nickel-based material.

39 . The method of claim 37 , wherein the pre-treating occurs prior to anodizing.

40 . The method of claim 36 , wherein the anodizing forms a nickel hydroxide precursor material selected from the group consisting of nickel fluoride, nickel nitride, nickel phosphide, nickel bromide, nickel iodide, nickel sulfide, nickel selenide, nickel oxide, and combinations thereof.

41 . The method of claim 36 , wherein the anodizing occurs at current densities ranging from about 0.1 mA to about 500 mA.

42 . The method of claim 36 , wherein the anodizing occurs at current densities ranging from about 1 mA to about 100 mA.

43 . The method of claim 36 , wherein the hydrothermal treatment occurs at temperatures of more than about 100° C.

44 . The method of claim 36 , wherein the hydrothermal treatment occurs in the presence of a protic solvent.

45 . The method of claim 44 , wherein the protic solvent is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, formic acid, butanol, isopropanol, nitromethane, ethanol, methanol, acetic acid, water, and combinations thereof.

46 . The method of claim 44 , wherein the protic solvent comprises sodium hydroxide.

47 . The method of claim 36 , wherein the hydrothermal treatment forms the nickel hydroxide moieties by converti

Assignees

• Tour James M
• Yang Yang
• Univ Rice William M

Inventors

• Tour James M
• Yang Yang

Classifications

• H01G11/68

  characterised by their material · CPC title

• H01M4/9016

  Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts · CPC title

• H01G11/30 Primary

  characterised by their material · CPC title

• H01M2004/021

  Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area · CPC title

• H01G11/26

  characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features · CPC title